Kodi kuyenga golide ndi chiyani?

Mutu: Luso ndi Sayansi Yoyenga Golide: Kuwulula Njira ndi Kufunika

Kuyenga golidi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri m’mafakitale amigodi ndi zodzikongoletsera, koma anthu ambiri sadziwa zambiri za mchitidwe wochititsa chidwi umenewu. M’bukuli, tiona mmene kuyengelela golide, tikuona kuti n’ciani, mmene amacitila, komanso cifukwa cake kuli kofunika kwambili padziko la zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.

Kuyenga golidi ndi njira yosinthira golide waiwisi, wodetsedwa kukhala wodetsedwa, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "golide woyenga" kapena " ndalama zagolide ." Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa golide mu chikhalidwe chake nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana ndi zitsulo zina ndi zonyansa, kuchepetsa mtengo wake ndi chiyero. Poyenga golide, zonyansazi zimachotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu choyera, chamtengo wapatali.

Gawo loyamba pakuyenga golide ndikuchotsa golide waiwisi m'nthaka. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kudzera mu migodi, pomwe miyala yokhala ndi golidi imakumbidwa pansi ndi kukonzedwa kuti ichotse chitsulo chamtengo wapatalicho. Golide waiwisi akapezeka, amadutsa njira zingapo zoyenga kuti ayeretse ndi kuchotsa zonyansa zilizonse.

Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zoyenga golide ndi njira ya Miller, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa chlorine kuyeretsa golide. Panthawi imeneyi, golidi waiwisi amasungunuka ndiyeno amalowetsedwa ndi mpweya wa chlorine, womwe umachita ndi zonyansa kupanga ma chloride omwe amachotsedwa mosavuta. Njira ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi njira ya Wolwell, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito electrolysis kuyeretsa golide. Panthawi imeneyi, mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa muzitsulo zagolide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zonyansa zikhazikike pansi pamene golide woyenga akusonkhanitsidwa.

Kuyenga golide ndi njira yosamala komanso yolondola yomwe imafuna chidziwitso chapadera ndi zida. Oyenga ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chozama cha mankhwala a golidi ndi zonyansa zake, komanso luso laukadaulo kuti athe kuyenga bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenga golide, monga ng'anjo, mankhwala, ma electrolyzer, ndi zina zotere, ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yolimba kuti zitsimikizire kuyera ndi mtundu wa golide woyengedwa.

Kufunika koyenga golidi sikuli kokha ku migodi ndi zodzikongoletsera. Golide woyengedwa ndi gawo lofunikira m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zamagetsi, zakuthambo ndiukadaulo wazachipatala. Golide woyengedwa bwino kwambiri wamagetsi ndi kukana dzimbiri kumapangitsa kukhala chinthu chofunikira popanga zida zamagetsi monga ma board ozungulira ndi zolumikizira. M'makampani opanga zakuthambo, golide woyengedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida za satellite ndi zida zamagetsi zamlengalenga chifukwa chodalirika komanso kulimba kwake m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zachipatala, golide woyenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamankhwala monga ma implants ndi zida zowunikira chifukwa cha biocompatibility yake komanso kusachitapo kanthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyenga golide kumachita gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zagolide ndi zowona pamsika. Poyenga golide kuti akhale m'mawonekedwe ake abwino kwambiri, oyenga amatha kutsimikizira kuti golideyo ndi wamtengo wapatali ndi wofunika kwambiri, kupatsa ogula ndi osunga ndalama chidaliro pa chinthu chomwe akugula. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera, popeza ogula amafuna kuonetsetsa kuti zodzikongoletsera zagolide zomwe amagula ndi zapamwamba komanso zoyera. Kuphatikiza apo, m'dziko lazachuma, mipiringidzo yagolide yoyengedwa bwino ndi ndalama zachitsulo zimayamikiridwa chifukwa choyera ndipo zimagulitsidwa kwambiri m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Mwachidule, kuyenga golide ndi njira yovuta komanso yofunika kwambiri yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuchokera pakuchotsa golide wakuda mpaka kumuyeretsa kukhala mawonekedwe ake oyera, kuyenga kumafunikira ukatswiri, kulondola komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba. Golide woyengedwa bwino wopangidwa munjira iyi ndi chinthu chofunikira pazamagetsi, zakuthambo ndi ntchito zamankhwala, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zagolide ndi zowona pamsika. Pamene tikupitiriza kuyamikira kukongola ndi mtengo wa golidi, ndikofunika kuzindikira luso ndi sayansi kumbuyo kwa njira yoyenga yomwe imapangitsa kuti zonse zitheke.

Kuchokera Golide Wotsalira Kuti Aziwala: Ulendo Wosandutsa Zinyalala Golide Kukhala Golide Woyera 9999

Golide wakhala chizindikiro cha chuma, mwanaalirenji ndi kukongola. Kukongola kwake kosatha kwakopa anthu kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo phindu lake lakhalabe lokhazikika m'mbiri yonse. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri akudziwa bwino za lingaliro la golidi mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, si aliyense amene akudziwa zovuta za momwe golide wotsalira amasandulika kukhala golide weniweni. Mubulogu iyi, tiwona mwatsatanetsatane momwe golide wopanda pake amatengera maulendo angapo osangalatsa. Pambuyo pa njira zingapo zoyenga, golidi woyenga yemwe amasilira 9999 adabadwa. Izi zidzafunika makina oponyera golide a Hasung.

Ulendowu umayamba ndi kusonkhanitsa golide wotsalira kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo zodzikongoletsera zakale, zipangizo zamagetsi, zipangizo zamano ndi zinyalala za mafakitale. Golide wotsalira uyu ndi wosakaniza wa golidi weniweni ndi zitsulo zina zotchedwa zonyansa. Gawo loyamba pakuyenga ndikusanja mosamalitsa ndi kulekanitsa zinyalala za golidi molingana ndi chiyero ndi kapangidwe kake. Ili ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limayala maziko a ntchito yoyenga yotsatira.

Golide wotsalira akasankhidwa, amadutsa njira zingapo zoyenga kuti achotse zonyansa ndikukwaniritsa mulingo womwe ukufunidwa. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yoyenga golide wa zinyalala ndi njira ya electrolysis. Panthawiyi, golidi wotsalira amasungunuka mu njira yothetsera magetsi ndipo magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golidi wangwiro asiyane ndi zonyansa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu chotchedwa "anode sludge," chomwe chili ndi zonyansa, komanso yankho lomwe lili ndi golide weniweni.

Gawo lotsatira pakuyenga kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa golide woyenga yemwe amapezeka pa electrolysis. Izi kawirikawiri zimatheka kudzera mu njira yotchedwa Miller process, yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa chlorine kuchotsa zonyansa monga siliva, mkuwa, ndi zitsulo zina kuchokera ku golide weniweni. Chotsatira chake ndi golide woyenga kwambiri wokhala ndi chiyero cha pafupifupi 99.5%, chotchedwa "golide woyenga."

Kuti apititse patsogolo chiyero cha golidi woyengedwa, imadutsa njira yomaliza yoyenga yotchedwa Volwell process. Pochita izi, golide woyenga amasungunuka mu njira ya hydrochloric acid ndi electrolyzed, kuchotsa zonyansa zilizonse zotsalira ndikuwonjezera chiyero mpaka 99.99% yodabwitsa, kapena "Golide Woyera 9999." Kuyeretsedwa kumeneku ndiye golide wapamwamba kwambiri yemwe angafikire golide ndipo amawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro chamakampani pazabwino komanso mtengo wake.

Njira yosinthira golide wotsalira kukhala golide woyenga 9999 ndi umboni wa kulondola, ukatswiri komanso kudzipereka komwe kumapita pakuyenga. Ndi ulendo wosamala komanso wovuta womwe umafunika kumvetsetsa mozama za chemistry, metallurgy ndiukadaulo wapamwamba. Chotsatira chake ndi golide woyengedwa bwino komanso woyengedwa bwino yemwe amaphatikiza chiyero ndi ungwiro.

Kufunika kwa 9999 golide woyenga sikungokhala pamtengo wake wamkati. Imakhala ndi malo apadera padziko lapansi la zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi zaluso, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera zabwino, mawotchi apamwamba ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba. Kuyera kwake kosayerekezeka ndi kunyezimira kumapangitsa kukhala chinthu chosilira kwa amisiri ndi opanga omwe akufuna kupanga zidutswa zanthawi zonse komanso zapadera.

Kuphatikiza pa kukongola, Pure Gold 9999 ilinso ndi ndalama zambiri komanso kusunga chuma. Kuyera kwake ndi kupezeka kwake kumapangitsa kukhala chinthu chofunidwa pakati pa osunga ndalama ndi osonkhanitsa omwe amazindikira kufunika kwake kosatha ndi kukhazikika kwake. Golide wangwiro 9999 akuyimira chuma chogwirika komanso chokhalitsa chomwe chimadutsa nthawi ndi zochitika.

Ulendo wosandutsa golide wotsalira kukhala golide wabwino kwambiri 9999 ndi umboni wa mphamvu yosintha yoyenga ndi zochititsa chidwi za golide. Uwu ndi ulendo womwe umaphatikizapo kulondola, ukatswiri komanso kufunafuna ungwiro. Kuchokera ku golide woyambirira mpaka golide woyenga womaliza wa 9999, ulendowu ndi umboni wa kukongola kosatha ndi mtengo wake wagolide mumkhalidwe wake woyenga bwino komanso wokongola kwambiri.