Chii chinonzi kunatsa goridhe?

Musoro: Iyo Art uye Sainzi yeGoridhe Kucheneswa: Kuburitsa Maitiro uye Kukosha

Kucheneswa kwegoridhe ibasa rinokosha mumaindasitiri emigodhi nezvishongo, asi vanhu vakawanda havazivi zvakadzama nezvemuitiro uyu unofadza. Mubhuku rino, tichaongorora nyika yekunatsa goridhe, tichiongorora kuti chii, chinoitwa sei, uye nei ichikosha munyika yesimbi dzinokosha.

Kunatsa goridhe inzira yekushandura goridhe mbishi, risina kuchena kuti rive rakachena, rinowanzonzi "goridhe rakachena" kana kuti " goridhe regoridhe ." Kuita uku kwakakosha nekuti goridhe muchimiro chayo rinowanzosanganiswa nedzimwe simbi netsvina, zvichideredza kukosha kwayo nekuchena. Nokunatsa goridhe, tsvina iyi inobviswa, zvichiita kuti pave nechigadzirwa chakachena, chinokosha.

Danho rekutanga pakuchenesa goridhe kuburitsa goridhe mbishi kubva muvhu. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kuburikidza nekuchera, uko simbi ine goridhe inocherwa pasi uye inogadziriswa kuti ibudise simbi yakakosha. Kana goridhe mbishi rawanikwa, rinopfuura nemunhevedzano yekunatsa kuchenesa nekubvisa chero tsvina.

Imwe yedzakajairika nzira dzekunatsa goridhe iMiller process, inoshandisa chlorine gasi kuchenesa goridhe. Mukati mekuita uku, goridhe mbishi rinonyungudutswa robva rafumurwa kune gasi rechlorine, rinosangana netsvina kuita ma chlorides anobviswa nyore. Imwe nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya iWolwell process, inoshandisa electrolysis kuchenesa goridhe. Mukati mekuita uku, magetsi anopfuudzwa nemumushonga wegoridhe, zvichiita kuti tsvina igare pasi apo goridhe chairo rinounganidzwa.

Kuchenesa goridhe inzira ine hunyanzvi uye chaiyo inoda ruzivo rwehunyanzvi nemidziyo. Vanonatsa vanofanirwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemakemikari egoridhe uye kusvibiswa kwayo, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekuita basa rekunatsa nemazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, michina inoshandiswa mukunatsa goridhe, senge mavira, makemikari, electrolyzers, nezvimwewo, inofanirwa kusangana nemiyero yakasimba kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchena uye kunaka kwegoridhe rakanatswa.

Kukosha kwekunatsa goridhe hakugumiri kumigodhi uye maindasitiri ezvishongo. Ndarama yakanatswa chinhu chakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira zvemagetsi, zvemuchadenga uye tekinoroji yekurapa. Yakachena goridhe yakakwira magetsi conductivity uye corrosion resistance inoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi senge mabhodhi edunhu uye zvinobatanidza. Muindasitiri yezvemuchadenga, goridhe rakanatswa rinoshandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvesatellite uye zvemagetsi zvemuchadenga nekuda kwekuvimbika nekusimba kwayo mumamiriro akanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, munharaunda yekurapa, goridhe rakachena rinoshandiswa kugadzira michina yekurapa senge maimplants uye yekuongorora michina nekuda kweiyo biocompatibility uye isiri-reactivity.

Pamusoro pezvo, kunatsa goridhe kunoita basa rakakosha mukuona kutendeseka uye huchokwadi hwezvigadzirwa zvegoridhe pamusika. Nekunatsa goridhe kuti rive rakachena, vanonatsa vanogona kuvimbisa kunaka uye kukosha kwegoridhe, zvichipa vatengi nevashambadzi chivimbo muchigadzirwa chavanenge vachitenga. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha muindasitiri yezvishongo, sezvo vatengi vanoda kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvishongo zvegoridhe zvavanotenga ndezvemhando yepamusoro uye kuchena. Pamusoro pezvo, munyika yekudyara, mabara egoridhe akacheneswa uye mari inokosheswa kuchena kwavo uye inotengeswa zvakanyanya mumisika yepasirese.

Muchidimbu, kunatsa goridhe inzira yakaoma uye yakakosha iyo ine kukosha kukuru mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Kubva pakubvisa goridhe mbishi kusvika pakurichenura kuti rive rakachena, maitiro ekunatsa anoda hunyanzvi, humbowo uye tekinoroji yepamusoro. Ndarama yakacheneswa inogadzirwa mukuita uku chinhu chakakosha mumagetsi, aerospace uye zvekurapa, ukuwo ichisimbisa mhando uye huchokwadi hwezvigadzirwa zvegoridhe pamusika. Apo patinoramba tichikoshesa kunaka nekukosha kwegoridhe, zvakakosha kuziva hunyanzvi nesainzi seri kwenzira yekunatsa inoita kuti zvese zvigoneke.

Kubva kuGoridhe Yakaraswa Kuti Ipenye: Rwendo RweKushandura Zvikara Goridhe kuva Goridhe Yakachena 9999

Ndarama yakagara iri chiratidzo cheupfumi, umbozha uye runako. Runako rwayo rusingagumi rwakakwezva vanhu kwemazana emakore, uye kukosha kwayo kwakaramba kwakasimba munhoroondo yose. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vangave vachiziva nezvepfungwa yegoridhe muchimiro chayo chakachena, havasi vose vanoziva nzira yakaoma yekuti goridhe rakasara rinoshandurwa sei kuva goridhe rakachena. Mubhuku rino, tichanyatso tarisisa matorero egoridhe rakasara rinotora dzakatevedzana dzenzendo dzinonakidza. Mushure mekutevedzana kwemaitiro ekunatsa, iyo yaichiva yegoridhe yakachena 9999 yakazozvarwa. Izvi zvinoda Hasung goridhe bullion yekukanda muchina .

Rwendo rwunotanga nekuunganidzwa kwegoridhe rakaraswa kubva kwakasiyana siyana zvinosanganisira zvishongo zvekare, zvinhu zvemagetsi, zvemazino uye marara emaindasitiri. Goridhe rasara iri musanganiswa wegoridhe chairo nemamwe masimbi anonzi tsvina. Danho rekutanga mukukwenenzverwa kurongeka nekupatsanurwa kwegoridhe rakaraswa zvichienderana nekuchena kwayo uye kuumbwa kwayo. Iyi inhanho yakakosha inoisa hwaro hwekunatsa kunotevera.

Kana goridhe rasara rarongwa, rinopfuura nemunhevedzano yemaitiro ekunatsa kubvisa tsvina uye kuwana danho rekuchena rinodiwa. Nzira yakajairika yekuchenesa goridhe rakaraswa ndiyo nzira ye electrolysis. Munguva iyi, zvimedu zvegoridhe zvinonyungudutswa mune mhinduro uye magetsi anoshandiswa, zvichiita kuti goridhe rakachena riparadzane kubva kune tsvina. Izvi zvinoguma nekuumbwa kwechinhu chinonzi "anode sludge," iyo ine tsvina, pamwe nemhinduro ine goridhe rakanatswa.

Nhanho inotevera mukunatsa inosanganisira kuchenesa goridhe rakachena rakawanikwa panguva ye electrolysis. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kuburikidza nenzira inonzi Miller process, iyo inosanganisira kushandisa chlorine gasi kubvisa tsvina yakaita sesirivha, mhangura, uye mamwe masimbi kubva mugoridhe rakachena. Mhedzisiro ndeyepamusoro-yakachena goridhe nekuchena kweanoda kusvika 99.5%, inozivikanwa se "goridhe rakachena."

Kuti uenderere mberi nekuvandudza kuchena kwegoridhe rakachena, inopinda maitiro ekupedzisira ekunatsa anonzi Volwell process. Mukuita uku, goridhe rakachena rinonyungudutswa mune hydrochloric acid mhinduro uye electrolyzed, kubvisa chero tsvina yasara uye kuwedzera kuchena kunoshamisa 99.99%, kana "Pure Gold 9999." Kuchena uku ndiko kwakanyanya kuwanikwa kwegoridhe uye kunoonekwa seyeindasitiri bhenji remhando uye kukosha.

Maitiro ekushandura goridhe rasara kuita goridhe rakanatswa 9999 chiratidzo chechokwadi, hunyanzvi uye kuzvipira kunopinda mukunatsa. Irwo rwendo rune hunyanzvi uye rwakaoma rwunoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekemistry, metallurgy uye tekinoroji yepamusoro. Mhedzisiro ndeye goridhe rakanatswa uye rakanatswa rinosanganisira kuchena uye kukwana.

Kukosha kwe9999 goridhe rakachena hakungori mukukosha kwayo kwemukati. Inobata nzvimbo yakakosha munyika yezvinhu zveumbozha uye hunyanzvi, hunoshandiswa kugadzira zvishongo zvakanaka, wachi dzeumbozha uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro. Kuchena kwayo kusingaenzaniswi uye kupenya kunoita kuti ive chinhu chinochiva kune mhizha uye vagadziri vanotarisa kugadzira zvisingaperi uye zvakasarudzika zvidimbu.

Pamusoro pekuve tsvarakadenga, Yakachena Goridhe 9999 zvakare ine huru yekudyara uye kukosha kwekuchengetedza hupfumi. Kuchena kwayo uye kushomeka kunoita kuti ive chinhu chinotsvakwa pakati pevatengesi nevateresi vanoziva kukosha kwayo kusingagumi uye kugadzikana. Ndarama yakachena 9999 inomiririra hupfumi hunobatika uye hunogara huchipfuura nguva nemaitiro.

Rwendo rwekushandura goridhe rasara kuita goridhe rakanatswa 9999 chiratidzo chesimba rinoshandura rekunatsa uye nehunhu hunoshamisa hwegoridhe. Urwu rwendo rwunosanganisira kurongeka, hunyanzvi uye kutsvaga kukwana. Kubva pagoridhe rekutanga kusvika kugoridhe rakanatswa rekupedzisira 9999, rwendo urwu huchapupu hwekunaka uye kukosha kwegoridhe munzvimbo yayo yakachena uye inoyevedza.