Kukweziphi iindawo apho kusetyenziswa khona oomatshini bokuphosa abazinzileyo besinyithi esixabisekileyo?

1.Ishishini le-Electronics eliSetyenzisiweyo

Kwishishini le-elektroniki, intsimbi exabisekileyo ethe tyaba ivacuum eqhubekayo oomatshini bokuphosa badlala indima ephambili. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweemveliso ze-elektroniki ezibhekiselele kwi-miniaturization kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, ukuchaneka kunye neemfuno zomgangatho wezinto zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ziya zisiba nzima. Umzekelo, izinto zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo zihlala zisetyenziselwa izikhonkwane zoqhagamshelo lwetshiphu kwizixhobo zombane ezinjengeefowuni eziphathwayo kunye neekhompyuter, kunye nezinye izinto ezichanekileyo zokuqhuba kwiibhodi zeesekethe. Vacuum ethe tyaba eqhubekayo umatshini wokugalela unokuphosa ngokuchanekileyo iingcingo ezincinci nezintsonkothileyo ezimilisekileyo zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, iintonga, njl.njl. Ezi mveliso zinesakhiwo esifanayo sombutho kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zombane, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zezixhobo ze-elektroniki zokuchaneka kokudluliselwa komqondiso kunye nokuzinza, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso ze-elektroniki, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo loshishino lwe-elektroniki.

2.Ishishini lezacholo

Ushishino lwezacholo lukwayindawo ebalulekileyo yesicelo sentsimbi enqabileyo ethe tyaba ethe tyaba yokugalela oomatshini bokugalela. Ukusukela abathengi kuyilo kunye nomgangatho kwizacholo kubangele abavelisi bezacholo ukuba bahlale bephonononga iindlela ezintsha zokusetyenzwa. Lo matshini uqhubekayo wokuphosa unokuphosa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide, isilivere, iplatinam, njl.njl. kwiimilo ezohlukeneyo ezigqwesileyo, nokuba zizityathanga ezithambileyo zentamo, iimilo zamacici ezigqwesileyo, okanye iipateni zeringi ezintsonkothileyo, zonke zinokufezekiswa ngazo. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuphosa kwindawo yokucoca, ukungcola kunokuncitshiswa, okukhokelela kwindawo egudileyo kunye nombala ococekileyo wobucwebe bentsimbi exabisekileyo. Oku kuphucula kakhulu ubuhle kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo lobucwebe, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezigqithiseleyo zemarike yobucwebe obuphezulu bomgangatho kunye nobugcisa.

3.Ishishini lemichiza

Kwishishini lemichiza, iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zisoloko zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezincedayo. Umatshini wokucoca wentsimbi othe tyaba othe tyaba oqhubekayo unokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcukacha zezinto ezixhasayo zentsimbi ezixhasayo okanye ii-catalysts ngokwazo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-hydrogenation reactions kwi-petrochemicals kunye ne-oxidation reactions kwi-chemical synthesis, iimilo ezithile kunye nezakhiwo ze-catalyst zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ziyafuneka ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhetha. I-Catalyst ixhasa indawo ethile ephezulu kunye nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo se-pore sinokuveliswa ngoomatshini bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye emva koko ilayishwe ngentsimbi exabisekileyo esebenzayo ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwee-catalysts, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikrwada kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa imichiza, kwaye ibe nokubaluleka okulungileyo kuphuhliso oluluhlaza kunye noluzinzileyo lweshishini lemichiza.

(1) Amalungu anganyangekiyo ekutyeni

Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, iinqanawa zokusabela kunye nemibhobho zihlala zidibana neekhemikhali ezonakalisayo. Umatshini wokucoca wentsimbi othe tyaba othe tyaba oqhubekayo unokusetyenziselwa ukwenza ucweyo olungagugiyo okanye izinto. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini le-alkali ye-chlor, ezinye izinto eziphambili kwiiseli ze-electrolytic ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa igesi ye-chlorine kunye ne-caustic soda kufuneka ikwazi ukuxhathisa ukukhukuliseka kwezinto ezinobungozi kakhulu ezifana negesi ye-chlorine kunye ne-sodium hydroxide. Iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-titanium kunye ne-tantalum zinokuphoswa kwii-anode okanye ezinye izinto ezidibana nemithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo kwiiseli ze-electrolytic ngoomatshini bokuphosa. Ezi zixhobo zetsimbi ezixabisekileyo zinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukubola kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo.

(2) Amalungu obushushu obuphezulu

Kwezinye iikhemikhali zobushushu obuphezulu, ezifana nokusabela kwelahle kwi-olefin kwishishini lemichiza yamalahle, iqondo lobushushu lokusabela lihlala lifikelela kumakhulu aliqela edigri ngokukaCelsius. Intsimbi exabisekileyo ethe tyaba ivacuum eqhubekayo yomatshini wokugalela inokuvelisa amacandelo anokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, afana nezinto zokufudumeza kwiinqanawa zokusabela okanye imibhobho yokutshintsha ubushushu. Umzekelo, ukugalela amacandelo engxubevange equlethe isinyithi esixabisekileyo (ezifana ne-nickel esekelwe kwi-alloys enexabiso elincinci leentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezongeziweyo ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kwe-oxidation) kunokugcina iimpawu ezintle zoomatshini kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali kwiindawo eziphezulu zokushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuzinza kweenkqubo zokuvelisa imichiza.

4.Isetyenziswa kwi-aerospace

Umzi-mveliso we-aerospace uneemfuno zokusebenza eziphezulu kakhulu zemathiriyeli, kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuzinza kwazo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezinjengobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Umatshini wentsimbi othe tyaba othe tyaba wokutsala umtshini oqhubekayo wokuphosa unokubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada ekumgangatho ophezulu wokwenziwa kwezixhobo ze-aerospace. Izinto ezixabisekileyo zetsimbi eziveliswa ngoomatshini bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo, njengamacandelo aphezulu-ubushushu obunganyangekiyo kwiinjini kunye nezinto ezichanekileyo zokuqhuba izixhobo kwizixhobo ze-aviation, zinokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwindawo enzima kunye nobunzima be-aerospace, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwe-flight kunye nokubonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sezinto eziphathekayo ukwenzela ukuphumelela okuqhubekayo kwi-teknoloji ye-aerospace.

5.Ishishini lezixhobo zonyango

Ishishini lezixhobo zonyango likwaxhamla kwintsimbi exabisekileyo ethe tyaba yokucoca ivacuum eqhubekayo koomatshini bokuphosa . Iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zine-biocompatibility efanelekileyo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zonyango ezifana ne-electrode pacemaker, izinto zokubuyisela amazinyo, izixhobo zonyango ezifakelwayo, njl.njl. Oomatshini abaqhubekayo bokuphosa banokuvelisa amacandelo esinyithi axabisekileyo ahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yezixhobo zonyango. Ulawulo lwabo oluchanekileyo lobungakanani kunye nezixhobo eziphezulu zezinto eziphathekayo zinceda ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo zonyango, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono kwimpilo yezigulane.

Isishwankathelo, intsimbi exabisekileyo ethe tyaba ivacuum eqhubekayo yokugalela umatshini inezicelo eziyimfuneko kumashishini amaninzi afana ne-electronics, ubucwebe, imichiza, i-aerospace, izixhobo zonyango, njl njl. Ayiphuculi nje kuphela umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso zentsimbi exabisekileyo, kodwa ikhuthaza inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso lobuchule kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ehlala kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yoshishino yanamhlanje. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetekhnoloji, umda wokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nobunzulu buya kwanda ngakumbi.

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