yintoni intlanganiso yeFed echaphazela igolide?

Lingakanani ixabiso legolide elichatshazelwe kukunyuswa kwenzala yedola yaseMelika?

Ukunyuka kwezinga kwidola kuya kukhokelela ekwehleni kwexabiso legolide. IGold yaMazwe ngaMazwe ixabisa ngeedola zaseMelika. Ukonyuka kwenzala yase-US kuya kwandisa umtsalane wemali yaseMelika kubatyali-mali, okukhokelela ekungeneni kweengxowa-mali zotyalo-mali kwimarike kwaye mhlawumbi ukunyuka kwedola yaseMelika, ukuphuma kwemali kwimarike yegolide kunokungena kwimarike yedola, indlela yegolide inokuhla, ngoko ukunyuka kwenzala yedola kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kwindlela yegolide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunyuka kwamazinga enzala e-US kuthetha ukuba imarike yase-US ilungile, ngoko idola liyenyuka, kodwa kwangaxeshanye iimveliso ezininzi ziya kuqukuqela ukuya e-US, okukhokelela kukusilela e-US kunye nokuwa kwamaxabiso egolide. Nangona ukunyuka kwenzala yedola yaseMelika kulukhetho olulungileyo e-US, yahlukile kwamanye amazwe. Siyazi ukuba uqoqosho lwase-US luqoqosho lwehlabathi. I-dollar yase-US yokunyuka kwexabiso lenzala ingaba nemodeli yeshishini elihle kuyo yonke imarike yezemali, inokudlala indima yokulinganisa, kodwa imarike yegolide, yinto encinci. Nangona kunjalo, idola yenye yezinto eziphembelela ixabiso legolide. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ixabiso legolide, ezifana nokubonelela kunye nemfuno kunye nobudlelwane bezopolitiko bamazwe ngamazwe. Ke ukuba amaxabiso egolide ayawa kuxhomekeke kwiimarike ezithile zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neziseko.

Lithini ifuthe le-Fed Monetary Policy kwigolide?

Kwimarike yotyalo-mali, kuya kuhlala kukho iimveliso ezininzi zokulawula ubutyebi abatyali-mali abanokukhetha kuzo. Umzekelo, igolide iya kuba yimveliso abatyali-mali abaya kuyikhetha ngenxa yokuba inotyalo-mali oluthile kunye neenzuzo zokurhweba, kwinkqubo yokurhweba ngegolide, kusafuneka siqonde kwaye siyiqonde imarike yegolide. Ngokomzekelo, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali we-Federal Reserve ungumgaqo-nkqubo omkhulu oza kubeka ingqalelo abatyali-mali, ngoko yintoni kanye impembelelo yomgaqo-mali we-Fed kwigolide. 1. Kuthiwani malunga nomgaqo-mali owondliwe ukuba abatyali-mali bafuna ukwazi malunga nefuthe lomgaqo-mali wemali ebondliwe kwigolide, kufuneka bazi malunga nomgaqo-mali owondliwe kuqala, umgaqo-mali we-Federal Reserve sisigqibo esenziwe kwintlanganiso ye-Federal Reserve. Kwesi sigqibo, kunokwenzeka ukukhetha ukuphakamisa inzala, okanye ukunganyusi inzala, okanye ukuhlehlisa ukunyusa izinga lenzala, ngoko ke impembelelo yemigaqo-mali eyahlukeneyo iyahluka. 2. Impembelelo yomgaqo-mali we-Federal Reserve kumgaqo-mali wangoku we-Federal Reserve womgaqo-mali wemali useyeyona nto iphambili echaphazela ixabiso legolide. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba izinga lenzala linyuka iindaba likhutshwe kumgaqo-mali wemali, ngoko umgangatho we-dollar yase-US uya kuqinisa, kwaye okuchasene namaxabiso egolide kuya kuwa, kuba idola yase-US kunye negolide zisenobudlelwane obuchaseneyo, ngoko kuya kubakho umehluko othile phakathi kwezi zibini, ukuba umgaqo-mali ubonisa ukuba inzala ayiyi kunyuka, idola inokunciphisa kwaye amaxabiso egolide anganyuka.

3. Impembelelo yezinye izinto imarike yegolide yimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, ngoko ke inkulu kwaye inobulungisa. Kakade ke, kukho ezinye izinto ezinempembelelo kwiimarike, umzekelo, iziganeko zezopolitiko ngokukhawuleza, kunye nezinye zazo, ezifana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, okanye ezinye izinto zoqoqosho, zinokuba nefuthe kwimarike yegolide, ngoko abatyali-mali kufuneka bahlale beqonda kwaye banikele ingqalelo kwezi ndaba, benze umsebenzi omhle kwisigwebo kunye nohlalutyo lwemarike yegolide. Abatyali-mali begolide namhlanje kufuneka babe nohlalutyo olusisiseko lwemarike xa kurhweba, ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekubekeni iliso malunga nokuba zeziphi iindaba ezinempembelelo kwimarike yegolide, umzekelo, umgaqo-mali we-Federal Reserve nawo unempembelelo enkulu kwigolide, ngoko ke kusafuneka sinikele ingqalelo enkulu kumgaqo-nkqubo wemali ngamaxesha onke, kwaye siqonde ixesha lokukhululwa komgaqo-nkqubo wemali ngamaxesha onke, oko kwenza kube lula ukurhweba ngegolide. Olu lwazi lungasentla lunikelwe liqela lesithathu kuphela ngeenjongo zereferensi ngokubanzi. Ukuchaneka, ukugqibelela, ixesha okanye ukusetyenziswa kolwazi lweqela lesithathu olunikezelwe yintsimbi ehonjiswe phezulu yentsimbi akuqinisekiswanga; Kananjalo ayibandakanyi isindululo sotyalo-mali.

Intlanganiso yeFed iyichaphazele njani igolide? Ngaba iyayichaphazela imarike yegolide?

Imarike yegolide, ngenxa yenani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba kunye nezinga elikhulu lemarike, likwachatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi ezisisiseko. Ngoko ke, xa abatyali-mali kwigolide, kukho imfuneko yokunikela ingqalelo kuzo zonke iinkalo, ezifana intlanganiso Fed kwakhona abatyali-mali yangoku uya kunikela ingqalelo, ngoko ke intlanganiso yeFed kwiGolide indlela impembelelo, kuya kukhokelela ixabiso legolide yintoni utshintsho. Okokuqala, ukuqonda umphumo wentlanganiso ye-Fed malunga nempembelelo yentlanganiso yangoku eyondliwe ngegolide kusafuna abatyali-mali ukuba baqonde, kodwa abatyali-mali kufuneka baqonde kuqala isiphumo sentlanganiso ye-Fed ngokufanelekileyo, oku kungenxa yokuba kusekho iingxoxo malunga nokuqaliswa okulandelayo komgaqo-mali wemali, nokuba ukunyusa izinga lenzala, okanye ukunganyusi inzala, njalo njalo, ngenxa yokuba isiphumo seentlanganiso ezahlukeneyo siya kuba nefuthe elithe ngqo. Okwesibini, qonda impembelelo yentlanganiso ye-Fed de ube uyazi isiphumo samva nje sentlanganiso ye-Fed, unokugqiba impembelelo yesi siphumo kwintlanganiso. Ukuba sithatha isigqibo sokunyusa inzala emva kwentlanganiso, kuya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso ediphozithi, kwaye kuya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwendlela yedola yaseMelika. Ngeli xesha, ubudlelwane phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-dollar yase-US ichasene, ngoko ixabiso le-dollar yase-US liya kuwa, ukuba, emva kwentlanganiso, inquma ukunganyusi inzala, idola iya kuba buthathaka, ngoko ixabiso legolide liya kunyuka.

Ekugqibeleni, gcina unolwazi ngesiphumo sentlanganiso ye-Fed kuba nayiphi na isiphumo esivela kwintlanganiso etyiswayo yangoku iya kuba nefuthe kwimarike yegolide ngokubanzi, ngoko ke abatyali-mali basafuna ukwazi malunga neziphumo ezifanelekileyo zentlanganiso ye-Fed ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Banokufunda ngayo ngokusebenzisa iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni okanye ezinye iiwebhusayithi zezemali zobungcali, kwintlanganiso yamva nje eyondliwe ukuba ibambe iindaba, ngexesha lokujongana nokuguquguquka kweemarike, ngexesha lokuqonda imarike yegolide, isicwangciso sabo sokurhweba emva kophuhliso sinokubonelela ngoncedo oluhambelanayo. Okwangoku, abatyali-mali basenokuqonda okuthile ngentlanganiso yeFed. Kufuneka kuthiwe intlanganiso yeFed nayo inefuthe elikhulu kwigolide. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba intlanganiso yeFed ibanjwe, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda kuqala imarike yegolide ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ubeke iliso kwimarike yegolide kwangaphambili ukuze ukwazi ukulungelelanisa isicwangciso sakho sorhwebo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye usebenzise amathuba kwiimarike. Olu lwazi lungasentla lunikelwe liqela lesithathu kuphela ngeenjongo zereferensi ngokubanzi. Ukuchaneka, ukugqibelela, ixesha okanye ukusetyenziswa kolwazi lweqela lesithathu olunikezelwe yintsimbi ehonjiswe phezulu yentsimbi akuqinisekiswanga; Kananjalo ayibandakanyi isindululo sotyalo-mali.

I-Hasung yenziwa ngamanyathelo alandelayo: Uyilo lwe-CAD, ukuvunywa kweprojekthi, ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukusika, iinxalenye ze-machining, ukomisa, ukugaya, ukupeyinta, i-varnishing, njl.