Kubaluleke ngantoni ukunyibilikisa iziko kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo?

Ehlabathini leentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ukusuka kubucwebe obukhazimlayo ukuya kwizinto eziphambili kwiinkalo zobugcisa obuphezulu, zonke ikhonkco azinakwahlulwa kwiinkqubo ezithambileyo nezinzima. Kolu luhlu lweenkqubo, isithando somlilo esinyibilikayo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwaye sinokuthathwa njengondoqo "womlingo" wokulungiswa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo. Isebenzisa umlingo wobushushu obuphezulu bomlingo ukuguqula imathiriyeli yentsimbi enqabileyo eqinileyo ibe lulwelo kunye neplastikhi engapheliyo, ibeka isiseko seenkqubo zokusetyenzwa ezilandelayo. Okulandelayo, makhe sihlolisise indima ephambili kunye nokubaluleka kokunyibilikisa iziko kwintsimi yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

I-1.I-Melting furnace - isitshixo sokuqalisa ukulungiswa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo

Iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide, isilivere, iplatinam, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi zinyithi zixabisekileyo, owona msebenzi uphambili kukuziguqula ukusuka kwimeko yazo yangaphambili ukuya kwimeko yolwelo olulungele ukuqhubekeka phambili. Eli nyathelo libalulekileyo ligqityezelwa ziziko lokunyibilika.

(1) Ukunyibilika - ukunika iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngeendlela ezintsha

Iziko lokunyibilikisa livelisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuzisa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwiindawo zazo zokunyibilika kwaye zinyibilike zibe lulwelo. Ukuthatha igolide njengomzekelo, ekwenzeni ubucwebe, inyathelo lokuqala kukubeka iinqununu zegolide okanye iinkozo kwisithando somlilo esinyibilikayo. Xa iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kwiziko linyuka ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kutsho kwi-1064 ℃, igolide iqalisa ukunyibilika, kwaye intsimbi yantlandlolo eyomeleleyo eqinileyo ngokuthe ngcembe ijika ibe lulwelo oluqukuqelayo lwegolide.

Le nkqubo isenokubonakala ilula, kodwa eneneni ibalulekile. Kuba kukunyibilika kwegolide kuphela enokuthi igalelwe kwimibumbo eyahlukahlukeneyo ize ifakwe kwiimilo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezintle, njengemisesane, iintsimbi zomqala, iintsimbi ezilengayo, amacici, nezinye izacholo. Ngokufanayo, kumzi mveliso we-elektroniki, isilivere okanye iplatinam esetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ze-elektroniki nazo kufuneka zinyibilikiswe kwiziko lokunyibilika ukuze kulungiswe ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuveliswa okulandelayo.

(2) Ukuxuba-Ukuphucula iiPropati zeZinyithi ezixabisekileyo

Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ukuze kufumaneke izinto ezixabisekileyo zetsimbi ezineepropati ezithile, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukuxuba iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezahlukeneyo okanye ezinye izinto. Iziko lokunyibilikisa lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo. Umzekelo, xa usenza ubucwebe begolide be-K, ukwenzela ukwandisa ubulukhuni begolide kwaye utshintshe umbala wayo, inxalenye ethile yezinye iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu kunye nesilivere iya kongezwa.

Igolide inyibilikiswa kunye nezi zinyithi zongeziweyo kwiziko lokunyibilika kwaye ishukunyiswe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ixutywe kwimeko engamanzi ukuphumeza ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Igolide K eyenziwe ngolu hlobo ayigcini nje ngokugcina iimpawu ezixabisekileyo zegolide, kodwa inobunzima obungcono kunye nokukhetha okutyebileyo kombala, okufana negolide eqhelekileyo ye-18K (equlethe i-75% yegolide, i-25% yobhedu, njl.) kunye ne-18K yegolide emhlophe (equlethe i-75% yegolide, i-10% ye-nickel, i-15% yesilivere yesilivere, njl. njl.)

2.Unique "amakhono" iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika eziko

Kwintsimi yokulungiswa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo, ngokwemigaqo eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza kunye neemeko zesicelo, ii-furnaces ezinyibilikayo zihlulwe zibe ziindidi ezininzi, nganye ineenzuzo zayo ezizodwa kunye nobubanzi besicelo.

（1）Isithando somlilo esincinci esinyibilikayo - "umncedisi wengcibi" oguquguqukayo kwaye ochanekileyo

Iziko elincinci lokunyibilika lincinci ngobungakanani kwaye kulula ukusebenza, lilungele iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo, ngakumbi izitudiyo zobucwebe kunye nezityalo ezincinci zokulungisa. Inokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifudumeze ngokuchanekileyo iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ukuya kwindawo yazo yokunyibilika.

Xa besenza ubucwebe begolide kunye nesilivere, iingcibi kufuneka zibeke kuphela isixa esincinci sezinto ezixabisekileyo zentsimbi kwiziko elincinci lokunyibilikisa, zisete ubushushu kunye nexesha lokufudumeza ngephaneli yokusebenza elula, kwaye ngokukhawuleza bafumane isinyithi esilulwelo. Ngenxa yendawo yokufudumeza okugxininisiweyo, ulawulo lobushushu lubukhali kakhulu, olunokuthi luphephe ukulahleka kunye nokutshintsha kwentsebenzo yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezibangelwa ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo.

Umzekelo, umyili wobucwebe ofuna ukwenza i-brooch yesilivere ekhethekileyo unokusebenzisa isithando somlilo esincinci sokunyibilikisa ngokuchanekileyo isixa esifanelekileyo semathiriyeli yesilivere, eqinisekisa umgangatho wezinto zebrooch ngelixa ehlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo lomntu.

（2） Idesktop yokunyibilikisa iziko- izinzile kwaye esebenzayo 'idesktop factory'

I-desktop melting furnace yenzelwe ukudibanisa kwaye inokubekwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-workbench ukuze isetyenziswe, ngelixa inamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo. Ifaneleke ngokukodwa ubungakanani obuphakathi obuphakathi kunye nemveliso yentsimbi exabisekileyo, nokuba ingaba ngamashishini okulungisa ubucwebe avelisa ubucwebe obuninzi okanye iifektri ezincinci zemveliso yentsimbi eziqhuba imveliso yesiqhelo, iyakwazi ukuyiphatha ngokulula.

Iidesktop zokunyibilikisa iziko zinokunyibilikisa isixa esikhulu sezinto ezixabisekileyo zentsimbi ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye zigcine ubushushu obufanayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilika, ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana komgangatho wesinyithi. Ngokomzekelo, inkampani yobucwebe obuphakathi kufuneka ivelise ibhetshi yeplatinum yezacholo zeempawu ezifanayo. I-desktop melting furnace inokunyibilika okwaneleyo kweplatinam izinto eziluhlaza kanye, kwaye ngokulawulwa kobushushu obuzinzile, qinisekisa ukuba iipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo zesongo ngasinye zihlangabezana nemigangatho, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.

（3）Ukulahla ngokuzenzekelayo iziko lokunyibilika -umntu okrelekrele kwaye ukhuselekile "umngcamli wesiphelo esiphezulu"

Isithando sokunyibilika ngokuzenzekelayo sixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula i-automation ephezulu, enokuthi igalele ngokuzenzekelayo isinyithi se-liquid kwi-mold ngokwenkqubo yokuseta emva kokuba ukunyibilika kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo kugqityiwe. Ukusebenza kwi-vacuum okanye indawo ekhuselweyo yegesi e-inert, inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo i-oxidation yesinyithi kwaye iphucule kakhulu ukucoceka kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso yobucwebe obuphezulu, ukuveliswa kwecandelo le-elektroniki elichanekileyo, iimfuniselo zophando lwezenzululwazi, kunye nezinye iinkalo ezifuna ubunyulu bentsimbi obuphezulu kakhulu.

Xa usenza amatyala ewotshi yegolide egqibeleleyo elungiselelweyo, iziko lokunyibilikisa elizenzekelayo lingaqinisekisa ukuba igolide esulungekileyo igalelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwisingundo esikhethekileyo kwimo engeyiyo oxidizing. Oku akuqinisekisi kuphela ukucoceka kunye nomgangatho wecala, kodwa kunciphisa iimpazamo kunye nemingcipheko yokhuseleko olubangelwa ukungenelela ngesandla, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

I-3.Iziko ezinyibilikayo zinegalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lentsimbi exabisekileyo

Ngokunyuka kwengqalelo yoluntu kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ishishini lesinyithi esixabisekileyo lifuna ngokukhutheleyo iindlela zokuvelisa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Isithando somlilo sokunyibilikisa sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni kule nkqubo.

(1) Ukugcina amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle - ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla

Itekhnoloji yale mihla yesithando sokunyibilikisa ihlala ivelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye inika ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kuyilo lokonga amandla. Amaziko amancinci okunyibilika asebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo zokufudumeza kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ubushushu obukrelekrele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso encinci ngelixa kuncitshiswa inkunkuma yamandla engeyomfuneko; Iziko lokunyibilikisa iDesktop liphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokulungisa amandla ombane kunye nesakhiwo sokufudumeza, ukonga umbane obalulekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli; Kwinkqubo yokufezekisa ukusebenza okuzisebenzelayo okuchanekileyo, isithando somlilo sokunyibilika esizenzekelayo sinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi ngenkqubo yolawulo lwamandla olufanelekileyo.

Olu yilo lokulondoloza amandla alunciphisi kuphela iindleko zemveliso yamashishini, kodwa lunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamandla kwimo engqongileyo, oluhambelana nombono wophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Kumashishini okulungisa isinyithi esixabisekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweziko lokunyibilikisa okonga amandla kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zombane kunye nokuphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho kwishishini. Ngelo xesha, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuthetha ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse eveliswa kukuveliswa kwamandla, okwenza igalelo elihle ekukhuselweni kwendalo.

(2) Nciphisa inkunkuma - phucula ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngokufanelekileyo

Kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi esixabisekileyo, iziko ezahlukahlukeneyo zokunyibilikisa zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma ngokuthembela kwiingenelo zazo. Ukulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa elichanekileyo kwiinqwelo ezincinci zokunyibilika kunokuphepha utshintsho ekubunjweni kwesinyithi kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza okubangelwa ukushisa; Umphumo wokufudumeza ofanayo we-desktop melting furnace uqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokubunjwa kwe-alloy; Ukugalelwa okuzenzekelayo kunye nokuchanekileyo kwesithando sokunyibilikisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunciphisa ilahleko yentsimbi engamanzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokudlulisa.

Ngokomzekelo, ekuveliseni imisebenzi yezandla eziyinkimbinkimbi ye-alloy metal, ukulawulwa okungafanelekanga kwenkqubo yokunyibilika kunokubangela ukusebenza kakubi kwezinye iindawo zemveliso, ezifuna ukuphinda ziphinde zisebenze okanye zikhutshwe. Kwaye ezi ziko zokunyibilikisa eziphambili zinokuphepha ngokufanelekileyo le meko, ziphucule umgangatho wemveliso, zinciphise ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma, ngaloo ndlela zinyuse izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye nokufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi obuzinzileyo.

(3) Uphuculo lokusiNgqongileyo - Nciphisa ukukhutshwa koNgcoliseko

Indlela yesiNtu yokunyibilikisa isinyithi esixabisekileyo, njengokusebenzisa amalahle okanye isibaso njengamafutha kwiziko lokunyibilikisa, ivelisa isixa esikhulu segesi yokukhupha ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsha, equka ungcoliseko olufana nesulfure dioxide, iioksidi zenitrogen, kunye nesuntswana lezinto, ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu kokusingqongileyo. Amancinci anamhlanje, idesktop, kunye neziko lokunyibilikisa ngokuzenzekelayo zihlala zisebenzisa iindlela zokufudumeza zombane, ezivelisa phantse kungabikho zingcolisi ziyingozi ngexesha lokusebenza.

Nokuba ezinye izixhobo zisebenzisa irhasi, itekhnoloji yokutshisa ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokucocwa kwerhasi zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko ukuya kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yoshishino lwentsimbi exabisekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ihlangabezana neemfuno zemimiselo yokusingqongileyo, kwaye idala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kweziko zokunyibilikisa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kukwanceda ukukhulisa umfanekiso wentlalo wamashishini kunye nokomeleza ukukhuphisana kwabo kwimarike.

4. Isishwankathelo

Ukubaluleka kweziko lokunyibilikisa kwintsimi yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kuyabonakala, ukusuka kwinyathelo lokuqala lokuqalisa ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo, ukubonelela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilikisa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lesinyithi esixabisekileyo. Isixhobo esingundoqo kwinkqubo yokucubungula isinyithi esixabisekileyo, esingagqibeli kuphela umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, kodwa zinempembelelo enkulu kulwalathiso lophuhliso lweshishini lonke.

Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yeteknoloji, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba iteknoloji yokunyibilikisa iteknoloji iya kuqhubeka nokuvuselela, ukuzisa amathuba amaninzi kunye neenguqu kwishishini lesinyithi esixabisekileyo, ukuvumela ezi zinyithi zixabisekileyo ukuba zidlale ixabiso elikhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi kwaye zenze igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loluntu. Nokuba lilizwe eliqaqambileyo lobucwebe okanye ishishini elikwinqanaba eliphezulu elikhokelela phambili kwezobuchwephesha, iziko lokunyibilika liya kuqhubeka nokuqaqamba ngobuchule bawo obukhethekileyo kwaye libe ngamandla abalulekileyo abalulekileyo kwintsimi yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.