Kubaluleke ngani ukuncibilikisa izithando ezinsimbini eziyigugu?

Ezweni lezinsimbi eziyigugu, kusukela kubucwebe obukhazimulayo kuya ezintweni ezibalulekile emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, zonke izixhumanisi azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezinqubo ezibucayi neziyinkimbinkimbi zokucubungula. Kulolu chungechunge lwezinqubo, isithando somlilo esincibilikayo sidlala indima ebalulekile futhi singabhekwa "njengomthakathi" oyinhloko wokucubungula insimbi eyigugu. Isebenzisa umlingo wezinga lokushisa eliphezulu omlingo ukuze iguqule izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqinile zensimbi eyigugu zibe uketshezi olunepulasitiki engapheli, ibeka isisekelo sezinqubo zokucubungula ezilandelayo. Okulandelayo, ake sihlole indima ebalulekile nokubaluleka kokuncibilikiswa kweziko emkhakheni wezinsimbi eziyigugu.

1.Isithando somlilo esincibilikayo - isihluthulelo sokuqala ukucubungula insimbi eyigugu

Izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide, isiliva, iplatinamu, njll. zithandwa kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba namakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa nokusebenzisa lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuziguqula zisuke esimweni sazo zibe yisimo esiwuketshezi esilungele ukuqhubeka nokusebenza. Lesi sinyathelo esibalulekile siqedwa isithando somlilo esincibilikayo.

(1) Ukuncibilika - ukunikeza izinsimbi eziyigugu ngezindlela ezintsha

Izithando zomlilo ezincibilikisayo zikhiqiza amazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuletha izinsimbi eziyigugu ezindaweni zazo zokuncibilika futhi ziwancibilikise zibe uketshezi. Uma sithatha igolide njengesibonelo, ekwenzeni ubucwebe, isinyathelo sokuqala ukubeka ama-nuggets egolide noma okusanhlamvu esithandweni somlilo esincibilikayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo likhuphuka kancane kancane lifinyelele cishe ku-1064 ℃, igolide liqala ukuncibilika, futhi insimbi eqinile yasekuqaleni kancane kancane iphenduka uketshezi olusagolide olugelezayo.

Le nqubo ingase ibonakale ilula, kodwa empeleni ibalulekile. Ngoba kuphela ngokuncibilika kwegolide elingathululelwa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene futhi kubunjwe izimo ezihlukahlukene ezinhle, njengezindandatho, imigexo, imihlobiso elengayo, amacici, nezinye izinhlobo zobucwebe. Ngokufanayo, embonini ye-elekthronikhi, isiliva noma iplatinamu esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nayo idinga ukuncibilikiswa esithandweni esincibilikayo ukuze kucutshungulwe ngokunemba futhi kwenziwe.

(2) Ukuxuba - Ukuthuthukisa Izakhiwo Zezinsimbi Eziyigugu

Ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, ukuze uthole izinto zensimbi eziyigugu ezinezakhiwo ezithile, ngokuvamile kudingekile ukuxuba izinsimbi eziyigugu ezihlukene noma ezinye izakhi. Isithando somlilo sokuncibilikisa sidlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Isibonelo, lapho wenza ubucwebe begolide be-K, ukuze kwandiswe ubulukhuni begolide futhi ushintshe umbala wayo, ingxenye ethile yezinye izinsimbi ezifana nethusi nesiliva izongezwa.

Igolide liyancibilika kanye nalezi zinsimbi ezengeziwe esithandweni esincibilikayo futhi linyakaziswa kahle futhi lixutshwe esimweni esiwuketshezi ukuze kuzuzwe ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene. Igolide le-K elenziwe ngale ndlela aligcini nje ngokugcina izici ezibalulekile zegolide, kodwa futhi linobulukhuni obungcono nokukhetha kwemibala ecebile, njengegolide elivamile elingu-18K (eliqukethe u-75% wegolide, u-25% wethusi, njll.) kanye negolide elimhlophe elingu-18K (eliqukethe u-75% wegolide, 10% we-nickel, 15% wesiliva wejewel, njll.), ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sabathengi abahlukahlukene.

2. "Amakhono" ayingqayizivele ezinhlobo ezahlukene zezithando zokuncibilika

Emkhakheni wokucubungula insimbi eyigugu, ngokwemigomo yokusebenza ehlukene kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, izithando zomlilo ezincibilikayo zihlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningi, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza.

（1）Isithando somlilo esincane esincibilikayo - "umsizi wengcweti" oguquguqukayo futhi onembile

Izithando zomlilo ezincane ezincibilikayo zihlangene ngosayizi futhi zisebenza kalula, zilungele izimo ezihlukahlukene zokucubungula insimbi eyigugu, ikakhulukazi izitudiyo zobucwebe nezitshalo ezincane zokucubungula. Ingakwazi ukushisisa ngokushesha futhi ishise ngokunembile izinsimbi eziyigugu endaweni yazo yokuncibilika.

Lapho benza ubucwebe begolide nesiliva komuntu siqu, izingcweti zidinga kuphela ukubeka inani elincane lezinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi eziyigugu esithandweni somlilo esincane esincibilikayo, zibeke izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokushisa ngokusebenzisa iphaneli yokusebenza elula, futhi ngokushesha zithole insimbi ewuketshezi. Ngenxa yendawo yokushisa egxilile, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kuzwela kakhulu, okungagwema ukulahlekelwa kanye nezinguquko zokusebenza kwezinsimbi eziyigugu ezibangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile.

Isibonelo, umklami wobucwebe ofuna ukudala i-brooch esiliva eyingqayizivele angasebenzisa isithando somlilo esincane ukuze ancibilikise ngokunembile inani elifanele lempahla yesiliva, aqinisekise ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo ye-brooch ngenkathi ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama komuntu siqu.

（2） Isithando somlilo esincibilikisa ideskithophu - 'imboni yedeskithophu' ezinzile futhi ephumelelayo

Isithando somlilo esincibilikisa ideskithophu siklanyelwe ukuthi sihlangane futhi singabekwa ngokuqondile ebhentshini lokusebenza ukuze sisetshenziswe, kuyilapho sinamandla aphezulu nokusebenza okuzinzile. Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukucubungula nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi eyigugu enosayizi ophakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amabhizinisi okucubungula ubucwebe akhiqiza ubucwebe ngobuningi noma amafekthri amancane omkhiqizo wensimbi eyigugu aqhuba ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile, angakwazi ukuyiphatha kalula.

Iziko elincibilikisa ideskithophu lingancibilikisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezingavuthiwe zensimbi ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi zigcine izinga lokushisa elifanayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilika, kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi yensimbi. Isibonelo, inkampani yobucwebe obusezingeni eliphakathi idinga ukukhiqiza inqwaba yamasongo eplatinamu yokucaciswa okufanayo. Isithando somlilo esincibilikisa ideskithophu singancibilikisa izinto zokusetshenziswa zeplatinamu ezanele ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ngokulawula izinga lokushisa elizinzile, siqinisekise ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo zesongo ngasinye zihlangabezana nezindinganiso, zithuthukise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

（3）Isithando somlilo esincibilika ngokuzenzakalelayo - "umbheki ophezulu" ohlakaniphile futhi ophephile

Isithando somlilo esincibilikayo sokuthululela ngokuzenzakalelayo sifakwe isistimu yokulawula ezishintshayo ethuthukisiwe, engathela ngokuzenzakalelayo insimbi ewuketshezi esikhunjeni ngokuya ngohlelo olusethiwe ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuncibilika kwensimbi eyigugu. Ukusebenza endaweni evikelekile ye-vacuum noma ye-inert gas, kungavimbela ngempumelelo i-oxidation yensimbi futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kobucwebe bezinga eliphezulu, ukwenziwa kwengxenye ye-elekthronikhi ngokunembayo, ukuhlola kocwaningo lwesayensi, neminye imikhakha edinga ukuhlanzeka kwensimbi okuphezulu kakhulu.

Uma kwenziwa amakesi ewashi egolide enziwe ngendlela oyifisayo, isithando somlilo esincibilikayo singaqinisekisa ukuthi igolide elihlanzeke kakhulu lithelwa ngokunembile ekubunjweni okukhethekile esimweni esingafaki i-oxidizing. Lokhu akuqinisekisi kuphela ukuhlanzeka kanye nekhwalithi yecala, kodwa futhi kunciphisa amaphutha kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezibangelwa ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle.

3.Izithando zomlilo ezincibilika zinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yensimbi eyigugu

Ngokunaka okwandayo komphakathi ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme, imboni yensimbi eyigugu ifuna ngenkuthalo izindlela zokukhiqiza ezinobungani nemvelo. Isithando somlilo sokuncibilikisa sidlala indima ebalulekile yokushayela kule nqubo.

(1) Ukonga amandla nokusebenza kahle - ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje beziko lokuncibilika buhlala busungula izinto ezintsha futhi bunaka kakhulu ukwakheka okonga amandla. Izithando zomlilo ezincane ezincibilikayo zisebenzisa izakhi zokushisa ezisebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokulawula izinga lokushisa ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zokukhiqiza okuncane kuyilapho kunciphisa ukumosheka kwamandla okungadingekile; Iziko ezincibilikisa ideskithophu zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokuthuthukisa ukuphuma kwamandla kanye nesakhiwo sokushisisa, konga inani elibalulekile likagesi uma kuqhathaniswa nezisetshenziswa zendabuko; Enqubweni yokuzuza ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo, isithando somlilo esincibilikayo esithela ngokuzenzakalelayo sinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla jikelele ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha amandla olunengqondo.

Le miklamo yokonga amandla ayinciphisi nje kuphela izindleko zokukhiqiza zamabhizinisi, kodwa futhi inciphisa ukucindezela kwamandla emvelweni, okuhambisana nomqondo wentuthuko esimeme. Emabhizinisini okucubungula insimbi eyigugu, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kweziko ezincibilikisa ukonga amandla kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zikagesi futhi kuthuthukise izinzuzo zezomnotho zebhizinisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusho nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ekhiqizwa ukuphehlwa kukagesi, kube negalelo elihle ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.

(2) Nciphisa udoti - thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza

Enqubweni yokuncibilikisa insimbi eyigugu, izithando ezihlukahlukene zokuncibilikisa zinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza ngokuthembela enzuzweni yazo. Ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa kwezithando zomlilo ezincane ezincibilikayo kungagwema izinguquko ekubunjweni kwensimbi kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza okubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile; Umphumela wokushisa ofanayo wesithando somlilo esincibilikisa ideskithophu uqinisekisa ukunemba kokwakheka kwe-alloy; Ukuthululwa okuzenzakalelayo nokunembayo kwesithando somlilo esincibilika kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ewuketshezi ngesikhathi senqubo yokudlulisa.

Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni imisebenzi yezandla eyinkimbinkimbi ye-alloy yensimbi eyigugu, ukulawulwa okungalungile kwenqubo yokuncibilika kungase kubangele ukusebenza kabi kwezinye izindawo zomkhiqizo, okudinga ukusetshenzwa kabusha noma ngisho nokuchithwa. Futhi lezi ziko ezincibilikisayo ezithuthukisiwe zingasigwema ngempumelelo lesi simo, zithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, zinciphise ukuphehlwa kukadoti, ngaleyo ndlela zandise izinga lokusebenzisa izinsiza zensimbi eziyigugu futhi kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo esimeme.

(3) Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemvelo - Yehlisa Ukukhishwa Kokungcola

Indlela evamile yokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu, njengokusebenzisa amalahle noma uphethiloli njengophethiloli ezithandweni zokuncibilikisa, ikhiqiza igesi ekhipha imfucumfucu eningi phakathi nenqubo yokusha, ehlanganisa ukungcola okufana ne-sulphur dioxide, i-nitrogen oxides, ne-particle, edala umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Izithando zanamuhla ezincane, zedeskithophu, nezizenzekelayo ezincibilikayo zivame ukusebenzisa izindlela zokushisisa zikagesi, ezikhiqiza cishe ukungcola okuyingozi phakathi nokusebenza.

Ngisho noma ezinye izisetshenziswa zisebenzisa igesi, ubuchwepheshe bokuvutha obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemishini yokwelapha igesi yokukhipha umoya isetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa okungcolile kube kumazinga aphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wezemvelo wemboni yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, kuhlangabezana nezidingo zemithetho yemvelo, futhi kudala izimo ezivumayo zokuthuthukiswa okuzinzile kwemboni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kweziko lokuncibilika kwemvelo kusiza ukuthuthukisa isithombe senhlalo samabhizinisi futhi kuqinise ukuncintisana kwabo emakethe.

4.Isifingqo

Ukubaluleka kweziko lokuncibilikisa emkhakheni wezinsimbi eziyigugu kuyabonakala, kusukela esinyathelweni sokuqala sokuqala ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi eyigugu, ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zokuncibilikisa ezihlukahlukene zezimo zokufaka izicelo ezihlukene, kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme yemboni yensimbi eyigugu. Kuyimishini ewumgogodla wenqubo yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu, engagcini nje ngokunquma ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yensimbi eyigugu, kodwa futhi inomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiqondiso sayo yonke imboni.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe beziko lokuncibilikisa buzoqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha, buletha amathuba amaningi kanye nezinguquko embonini yensimbi eyigugu, okuvumela lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu ukuba zidlale inani elikhulu emikhakheni eyengeziwe futhi zenze umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi wesintu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umhlaba omangalisayo wobucwebe noma imboni esezingeni eliphezulu ehamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, izithando zomlilo ezincibilikayo zizoqhubeka zikhanya ngobuhlakani bazo obuyingqayizivele futhi zibe amandla abalulekile abalulekile emkhakheni wezinsimbi eziyigugu.