Amashishini axabisekileyo okulungisa isinyithi akhetha njani umatshini wokuphosa wegolide okumgangatho ophezulu kunye nesilivere?

Kumzi mveliso wesinyithi oxabisekileyo, ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwamashishini akuxhomekekanga kuphela kubuchwephesha obugqwesileyo kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada ekumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa nakumatshini wokuphosa ophucukileyo noguquguqukayo odlala indima ebalulekileyo. Umgangatho ophezulu wegolide kunye noomatshini bokuphosa isilivere banokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, baqinisekise umgangatho wemveliso, banciphise iindleko zemveliso, kwaye ngaloo ndlela baphucule ukukhuphisana kwamashishini kwimarike. Ke, amashishini axabisekileyo okulungisa intsimbi kufuneka akhethe njani igolide ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye noomatshini bokuphosa besilivere obafaneleyo?

1. Cacisa iimfuno zomntu zemveliso

Amashishini kuqala kufuneka enze uhlalutyo olunzulu lwesikali sawo semveliso, iintlobo zemveliso, kunye neenkqubo zemveliso. Ukuba ishishini lizibandakanya ikakhulu kwimveliso yobucwebe begolide kunye nesilivere eneebhetshi ezincinci kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo eliphezulu, ke ukuguquguquka kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo zoomatshini bokuphosa ziphezulu. Ezi ntlobo zamashishini zinokukhetha izixhobo zokuphosa ezincinci ezinolawulo oluchanekileyo, zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza iimbumba, kwaye kulula ukusebenza ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zohlengahlengiso rhoqo kwiiparamitha zokuvelisa kunye nezitayela. Ngokuchasene noko, amashishini avelisa imivalo yegolide kunye nesilivere esemgangathweni kunye neengots kumlinganiselo omkhulu afuna oomatshini abakhulu bokuphosa abanomthamo ophezulu wemveliso kunye nokuzenzekelayo. Izixhobo ezinjalo zinokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuhambelana kwinkqubo yokuvelisa eqhubekayo, kunye nokuphucula imveliso ngexesha leyunithi.

(1)Vavanya ukusebenza kwezixhobo

1.Ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho: Igolide kunye nesilivere, njengexabiso eliphezulu leentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, zineemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zokuphosa ukuchaneka. Oomatshini bokuphosa abakumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka babe nokuchaneka okuphezulu ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuguda komphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yoshishino ngokobunzima, imilo, kunye neenkcukacha. Ngokomzekelo, xa uphosa iingqekembe zegolide nezesilivere, ukucaca kwepateni kunye nokukhanya kwemiphetho kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso labo lokuqokelela. Oku kufuna ukuchaneka kokubumba koomatshini bokuphosa ukufikelela kwinqanaba le-micrometer, kunye nokukwazi ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuhamba kwesinyithi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa, ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kweziphene ezifana nemigodi kunye nemingxuma yesanti.

2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso: Ukusebenza kwemveliso kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo neenzuzo zoqoqosho zeshishini. Isantya sokunyibilika, amaxesha okuphosa, kunye nexesha lokupholisa lesixhobo zonke zimisela imveliso yayo ngexesha leyunithi. Kumashishini afuna imveliso esebenzayo, kufuneka akhethe oomatshini bokuphosa ngesantya sokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza, inkqubo yokuphosa ezenzekelayo, kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa esebenzayo. Amanye amaziko asebenzisa itekhnoloji yokufudumeza ephezulu yokufudumeza anokunyibilika isixa esikhulu segolide kunye nesilivere yemathiriyeli ekrwada kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye ngoncedo lwezixhobo zokuphosa ezizenzekelayo, zinokufezekisa imveliso ekhawulezileyo neqhubekayo.

3. Ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka: Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kwemveliso. Oomatshini bokuphosa abakumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka basebenzise amacandelo akumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa eziphucukileyo ukunciphisa ukubakho kokusilela kwesixhobo. Xa ukhetha izixhobo, iinkampani kufuneka zihlolisise amandla e-R&D kunye namava okuvelisa abavelisi bezixhobo, baqonde isidima sabo semveliso kunye nengxelo yomsebenzisi kwimarike. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iimpawu ezaziwayo zoomatshini bokuphosa ziye zaqinisekiswa kwimarike iminyaka emininzi kwaye zinozinzo oluhle. Naphantsi kokusetyenziswa okuphezulu, banokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nexesha lokunciphisa amashishini.

(2) Qwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo

1. Ukuhambelana nezinto eziluhlaza: Igolide kunye nesilivere yezinto ezihlanjululwayo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zinokwahlukana kwiipropati ezibonakalayo, kunye noomatshini bokuphosa kufuneka balungelelaniswe kakuhle kubo. Ngokomzekelo, kwigolide ecocekileyo, ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye neempawu eziqinisiweyo zihluke kwii-alloys eziphantsi zokucoceka. Oomatshini bokuphosa kufuneka babe nesakhono sohlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo kulawulo lobushushu, uxinzelelo lokuphosa, kunye neminye imiba yokuqinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli ekrwada inokunyibilika, iphoswe, kwaye yenziwe kakuhle, ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso awuchaphazeleki.

2. Inkqubo yokulinganisa idigri: Itekhnoloji yentsimbi exabisekileyo ityebile kwaye yahlukeneyo, njengokuphosa i-centrifugal, ukuphosa umxhuzulane, ukuphosa uxinzelelo, njl. I-Centrifugal casting ilungele ukuvelisa iimveliso zegolide nezesilivere ezinemilo enzima kunye nobukhulu bodonga olufanayo. Umatshini wokuphosa we-centrifugal ohambelanayo kufuneka ube nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwesantya kunye nokutywinwa kokubumba okulungileyo; Ukuphosa umxhuzulane kugxininisa ngakumbi kuyilo lokungunda kunye nokwandisa amazibuko okuphosa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo lwesinyithi lugcwalisa ngokulinganayo ukungunda phantsi kwesenzo somxhuzulane. Ukukhetha izixhobo ezihambelana kakhulu nenkqubo kunokunyusa ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zenkqubo, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

2. Nika ingqalelo kwinqanaba lobukrelekrele kunye ne-automation yesixhobo

Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji, ubukrelekrele kunye ne-automation ibe yimikhwa ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lomatshini wokuphosa. Izixhobo ezikrelekrele zinokubeka iliso kwiiparamitha ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ngexesha langempela ngokusebenzisa izinzwa, ezifana nobushushu, uxinzelelo, ubunzima, njl., kwaye zilungelelanise ngokuzenzekelayo ngokweenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo zokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuhambelana komgangatho wemveliso. Umsebenzi wokuzenzekelayo unokufezekisa inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza kwe-automation ukusuka kwisondlo sezinto eziluhlaza, ukunyibilika, ukuphosa kwimveliso yokuchithwa kwemveliso, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukungenelela kwezandla, ukunciphisa amandla omsebenzi kunye nephutha lomntu, ngelixa uphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Umzekelo, abanye oomatshini bokuphosa begolide nesilivere benqanaba eliphezulu baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokulawula ezikrelekrele. Abaqhubi badinga kuphela ukufaka iiparitha zemveliso kwiphaneli yokulawula, kwaye izixhobo zinokugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo yonke inkqubo yokuphosa. Kwimeko yeemeko ezingaqhelekanga, i-alamu ngexesha kunye namanyathelo ahambelanayo anokuthathwa.

3. Ukugcinwa kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengiswa kwezixhobo

(1) Ukugcinwa lula: Izixhobo zifuna ukugcinwa ngokungenakuthintelwa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ngoko ke ubunzima bokugcinwa bubalulekile. Oomatshini bokuphosa bomgangatho ophezulu kufuneka babe noyilo olulula nolucacileyo lwesakhiwo, amacandelo angundoqo ekulula ukuwaqhawula kunye nokutshintsha indawo yawo, kwaye axhotyiswe ngeencwadana ezineenkcukacha zolondolozo kunye nemiyalelo yokusebenza. Ukongeza, abavelisi bezixhobo kufuneka babonelele ngamajelo obonelelo afanelekileyo kumacandelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani zinokufumana iindawo ezitshintshileyo ngexesha kwaye zinciphise ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo.

(2) Emva komgangatho wenkonzo yokuthengisa: Inkonzo ethembekileyo emva kokuthengisa isiqinisekiso esinamandla semveliso ezinzileyo kunye nezinzileyo yamashishini. Xa ukhetha oomatshini bokuphosa, amashishini kufuneka athathele ingqalelo inethiwekhi yenkonzo yomenzi wezixhobo emva kokuthengisa, isantya sokuphendula, kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa. Abavelisi kufuneka bakwazi ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokulungisa iziphene kwangexesha, bathumele amagcisa achwephesha kwisiza ukuze basombulule iingxaki, kwaye baqhube rhoqo isikhokelo sokulandelela kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abavelisi bathembisa ukuphendula kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokufumana ingxelo yephutha kunye nokusombulula ingxaki kwiiyure ezingama-48. Le nkonzo esebenzayo emva kokuthengisa inokwenza ishishini likhathazeke simahla.

4. Uhlalutyo lweendleko zenzuzo

(1) Iindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla: Iindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla yenye yezinto zokuqala eziqwalaselwa ngamashishini xa ekhetha oomatshini bokuphosa, kodwa ayinakulinganiselwa kuphela ngexabiso. Ukusukela ngokugqithisileyo amaxabiso aphantsi kunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo kunye nomgangatho wokungafikeleli kwiimfuno zamashishini, kwaye kusenokukhokelela kugcino oluphezulu kunye neendleko zokuthenga endaweni yamva. Amashishini kufuneka athelekise amaxabiso eemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli zezixhobo ezisekwe kuqwalaselo olubanzi lwemiba efana nokusebenza kwesixhobo, umgangatho, kunye nokusebenza, kwaye ukhethe iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu.

(2)Iindleko zokusebenza: Iindleko zokusebenza zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezixhobo, ilahleko yezinto ezikrwada, iindleko zabasebenzi, njl.njl. Ukonga umbane koomatshini bokuphosa kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kumashishini. Umzekelo, ii-furnaces ezisebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha yokonga amandla inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-20% -30% xa kuthelekiswa neziko lemveli. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuphakama kweqondo lokuzenzekelayo kwezixhobo, umsebenzi omncinci ufunekayo, kwaye iindleko ezihambelanayo zabasebenzi ziyancitshiswa. Ukongeza, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kwisixhobo linokuchaphazela neendleko zokusebenza. Oomatshini bokuphosa abasebenzayo banokuyinciphisa inkcitho yemathiriyeli ekrwada kwaye baphucule isivuno semveliso.

(3) Imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali: Amashishini kufuneka avavanye imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwezixhobo ngokwembono yexesha elide. Nangona iindleko zokuthengwa koomatshini bokuphosa bekhwalithi ephezulu zinokuba phezulu, zinokuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho ngakumbi kumashishini kwixesha elifutshane ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Ngokubala ngokubanzi ukwanda komthamo wemveliso yezixhobo, ixabiso elongeziweyo lemveliso, kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko, imbuyekezo echanekileyo kutyalo-mali ifunyenwe, inika isiseko esomeleleyo sezigqibo zokuthengwa kwezixhobo zeshishini.

Ukukhetha oomatshini bokuphosa begolide kunye nesilivere abakumgangatho ophezulu ozifanelayo kufuna uqwalaselo olubanzi lwezinto ezininzi kumashishini axabisekileyo okulungisa isinyithi. Ukuqala ekucaciseni iimfuno zomntu wemveliso, qhuba uvandlakanyo olubanzi lokusebenza kwezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa, inqanaba lobukrelekrele, ukugcinwa kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ukulinganisa okuhle kunye nokubi, kwaye wenze izigqibo ezilumkileyo. Kungale ndlela kuphela amashishini anokuthenga oomatshini bokuphosa benqanaba eliphezulu abangafezekisiyo kuphela iimfuno zangoku zemveliso kodwa baziqhelanise nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo, iingenelo eziphumeleleyo kumashishini akukhuphiswano oluqatha lwemalike kunye nokuphumeza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.