Ngowuphi umahluko ekusebenzeni koomatshini bokunyibilikisa igolide ekunyibilikiseni iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo?

Kumashishini amaninzi afana nokwenza isinyithi kunye nokwenza ubucwebe, umatshini wokunyibilikisa udlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa kunye neekhemikhali, iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo xa zinyibilikiswa ngomatshini onyibilikayo. Ukuwuqonda lo mahluko kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa, ukuphucula impumelelo yemveliso, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.

1.Amagqabantshintshi eeMpawu zeMelting Melting eziqhelekileyo

(1) Igolide

Igolide yintsimbi ene-ductility elungileyo kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, enendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu ye-1064.43 ℃. Igolide inombala wegolide kunye nokuthungwa okuthambileyo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo eziphezulu ezifana nobucwebe kunye ne-electronics. Ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphezulu, iimfuno ezingqongqo zibekwe ekuhlambulukeni nasekulawuleni ilahleko ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa.

(2) Isilivere

Indawo yokunyibilika yesilivere yi-961.78 ℃, ingaphantsi kancinci kunegolide. Ine-conductivity egqwesileyo kunye ne-thermal conductivity, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini kunye nemveliso yobucwebe. Isilivere ineempawu zemichiza esebenzayo kwaye ithanda ukusabela ngeoksijini emoyeni ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa, yenze iioksidi.

(3) Ubhedu

Indawo yokunyibilika kobhedu imalunga ne-1083.4 ℃, kwaye ine-conductivity entle, i-thermal conductivity, kunye ne-mechanical properties. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla efana neshishini lombane, ukwenziwa koomatshini, kunye nokwakha. Ubhedu luthanda ukufunxa iigesi ezifana ne-hydrogen ngexesha lokunyibilika, nto leyo echaphazela umgangatho wokuphosa.

(4) Ingxubevange yeAluminiyam

I-aluminiyamu ingxubevange yolona didi lusetyenziswa kakhulu lwesixhobo sesinyithi esingeyontsimbi kushishino, enendawo yokunyibilika ngokwesiqhelo phakathi kwe-550 ℃ kunye ne-650 ℃, eyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kukwakheka kwealloyi. I-alloy ye-aluminiyam inoxinano oluphantsi, kodwa amandla aphezulu kunye nokuchasana okuhle kokuhlwa. Inkqubo yokunyibilika idinga ulawulo olungqongqo lomlinganiselo wezinto ze-alloy kunye nobushushu obunyibilikayo.

I-2.Umgaqo-nkqubo wokusebenza kunye neeparitha zobugcisa zomatshini wokunyibilika kunye nefuthe labo ekunyibilikeni

Oomatshini bokunyibilikisa bahlala besebenzisa umgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ukuvelisa i-current induced kwimathiriyeli yentsimbi ngokusebenzisa umhlaba otshintshanayo wamagnetic. Ubushushu beJoule obuveliswa ngoku butshisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye bunyibilika isinyithi. Iiparamitha zobuchwepheshe ezifana namandla kunye nokuphindaphinda komatshini wokunyibilika kudlala indima ephambili kwisiphumo sokunyibilika kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo.

(1) Amandla

Okukhona amandla aphezulu, kokukhona ubushushu obuthe kratya obusenziwa ngumatshini wokunyibilika ngexesha leyunithi nganye, kwaye okukhona isinyithi sitshisa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokunyibilika. Kwizinyithi ezifana negolide kunye nobhedu oluneendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika, umatshini wokunyibilika wamandla aphezulu uyafuneka ukufezekisa ukunyibilika ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-alloys ye-aluminium enamanqaku aphantsi okunyibilika, amandla amaninzi anokubangela ukushisa kwendawo, okuchaphazela ukufana kokwakheka kwe-alloy.

(2) Ukuphindaphinda

Ukuphindaphinda kuchaphazela ubukhulu becala ubunzulu bokugqobhoza kwangoku kwiintsimbi. Oomatshini bokunyibilika kwamaza aphakamileyo bafanele ukunyibilikisa ubungakanani obuncinci, iimveliso zetsimbi ezinodonga olucekethekileyo okanye iimeko ezifuna isantya esiphezulu sokunyibilika, kuba imisinga ephezulu yokunyibilika igxininiswe kumphezulu wesinyithi kwaye inokutshisa ngokukhawuleza umphezulu wesinyithi. Ubunzulu bangoku bokungena koomatshini bokunyibilika be-low-frequency bukhulu, kubenza bafaneleke ngakumbi ukunyibilikisa ii-ingots zetsimbi ezinkulu. Umzekelo, xa unyibilika amaqhekeza amakhulu egolide, ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda ngokufanelekileyo kunokusasaza ubushushu ngokulungeleleneyo ngaphakathi kwesinyithi, ukunciphisa ubushushu bomphezulu kunye ne-oxidation.

3.Umahluko wokusebenza koomatshini bokunyibilikisa igolide ekunyibilikeni kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo

(1) Isantya sokunyibilika

Ngenxa yeqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika kwayo, igolide inesantya esicothayo sokunyibilika phantsi kwamandla kunye neemeko ezifanayo. I-aluminiyam i-alloy ineqondo eliphantsi lokunyibilika kwaye inokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa lokunyibilika kumatshini onyibilikayo, kunye nesantya sokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kunegolide. Isantya sokunyibilika kwesilivere kunye nobhedu siphakathi kwezi zibini, kuxhomekeke kumandla omatshini wokunyibilika kunye nemeko yokuqala yentsimbi.

(2) Ulawulo lokucoceka

Ekunyibilikiseni igolide, ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphezulu, kufuneka ubunyulu obuphezulu kakhulu. Oomatshini abakwizinga eliphezulu lokunyibilikisa igolide banokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukudityaniswa kobumdaka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwegolide ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu kunye nomsebenzi wokuvuselela i-electromagnetic. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isilivere ithande ukuba ne-oxidation ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa. Nangona oomatshini bokunyibilikisa igolide benokunciphisa i-oxidation ngokuzalisa igesi engasebenziyo kwigumbi lokunyibilikisa, kusenzima kakhulu ukulawula ubunyulu kunegolide. Ingxaki yokuxutywa kwerhasi ngexesha lokuncibilika kobhedu lugqame ngokukodwa, kwaye amanyathelo okucoca kufuneka athathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucoceka, ngaphandle koko kuya kuchaphazela iipropathi ze-mechanical of castings. Xa i-aluminium ingxubevange inyibilika, ukongeza ekulawuleni ilahleko evuthayo ye-alloy element ukuqinisekisa ukubunjwa okuchanekileyo, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuthintela ukufunxwa kwegesi kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag, kunye neemfuno zezixhobo zokunyibilika kunye neenkqubo nazo zingqongqo kakhulu.

(3) Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsimbi ezinamaqondo aphezulu okunyibilika zidla amandla amaninzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilika. Ngenxa yokunyibilika kwabo okuphezulu, igolide kunye nobhedu zifuna ukunikezelwa kobushushu obuqhubekayo kumatshini onyibilikayo ngexesha lokunyibilika, okubangela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Kwaye i-alloy ye-aluminium inendawo ephantsi yokunyibilika, ifuna amandla amancinci ukufikelela kwimeko yokunyibilika, kwaye isebenzisa amandla aphantsi. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla esilivere kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Kodwa olona setyenziso lwamandla lukwanxulumene nezinto ezinje ngokusebenza komatshini wokunyibilika kunye nobungakanani bokunyibilika. Imishini yokunyibilikisa esebenzayo kunye neyonga amandla idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokunyibilika kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo.

(4) Izixhobo zokunxiba kunye nokukrazula

Ilahleko yomatshini wokunyibilika nayo iyahluka xa kunyibilika iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo. Igolide inokwakheka okuthambileyo kwaye ibangela ukunxiba okuncinci kwi-crucible kunye namanye amacandelo omatshini onyibilikayo. I-Copper inobunzima obuphezulu, obubangela ukukhukuliseka okukhulu kunye nokugqoka kwi-crucible ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilika, efuna izinto ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo. Xa i-alloy ye-aluminium inyibilika, ngenxa yeempawu zayo zeekhemikhali ezisebenzayo, inokuthi ifumane iimpendulo ezithile zeekhemikhali kunye ne-crucible material, i-accelerating crucible wear. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha i-crucible ekhethekileyo enganyangekiyo.

4.Isiphelo

Ukusebenza komatshini wokunyibilika kuyahluka kakhulu ekunyibilikeni kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi ezifana nesantya sokunyibilika, ukulawulwa kobunyulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokulahleka kwezixhobo. Ezi zintlukwano ikakhulu zivela kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali zetsimbi ezahlukeneyo kunye neeparitha zobugcisa zomatshini wokunyibilika ngokwawo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, amashishini kunye nabasebenzi kufuneka bakhethe uhlobo kunye neeparitha zokusebenza zomatshini onyibilikayo ngokufanelekileyo ngokohlobo kunye neemfuno ezithile zetsimbi enyibilikisiweyo, kwaye baphuhlise iinkqubo zokunyibilika ezihambelanayo ukuze kuphunyezwe iinkqubo zokunyibilika kwesinyithi ezisebenzayo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, iteknoloji yomatshini wokunyibilika iphinda ihlaziye kwaye iphuhlise. Kwixesha elizayo, kulindeleke ukuba iqhubele phambili isiphumo sokunyibilika kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ihlangabezane nemfuno ekhulayo yokusetyenzwa kwesinyithi kwiindawo ezininzi.