Amabhizinisi okucubungula insimbi eyigugu ayikhetha kanjani imishini yokuphonsa yegolide nesiliva yekhwalithi ephezulu?

Embonini yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu, ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwamabhizinisi akuncikile kuphela ekwenziweni kobuciko obuhle kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu, kodwa futhi nasemishinini yokusakaza esezingeni eliphezulu neguquguqukayo edlala indima ebalulekile. Imishini yokukhipha igolide nesiliva yekhwalithi ephezulu ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, iqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, yehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi emakethe. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi akhiqiza insimbi eyigugu kufanele ayikhethe kanjani imishini yokuphonsa yegolide nesiliva yekhwalithi ephezulu ewafanele?

1. Cacisa izidingo zomuntu siqu zokukhiqiza

Amabhizinisi kuqala adinga ukwenza ukuhlaziya okujulile kwesikali sawo sokukhiqiza, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Uma ibhizinisi lizibandakanya kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kobucwebe begolide nesiliva obungokwezifiso obunamaqoqo amancane kanye nenani eliphakeme elengeziwe, khona-ke izidingo zokuguquguquka nokunemba zemishini yokuphonsa ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Lezi zinhlobo zamabhizinisi zingakhetha izinto zokuphonsa ezincane ezinokulawula ukunemba okuphezulu, ezingashintsha ngokushesha isikhunta, futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zokulungiswa okuvamile kumapharamitha nezitayela zokukhiqiza. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amabhizinisi akhiqiza imigoqo ejwayelekile yegolide neyesiliva ngezinga elikhulu adinga imishini yokuphonsa emikhulu enamandla okukhiqiza aphezulu kanye ne-automation. Imishini enjalo ingaqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuvumelana enqubweni yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo, futhi ithuthukise okukhiphayo ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye.

(1) Linganisa ukusebenza kwemishini

1.Ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi: Igolide nesiliva, njengezinsimbi eziyigugu zenani eliphezulu, kunezidingo eziqine kakhulu zokunemba kokusakaza. Imishini yokusakaza yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele ibe nokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kobukhulu kanye nokushelela kwendawo, iqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zomkhakha ngokwesisindo, umumo, kanye nemininingwane. Isibonelo, lapho uphonsa izinhlamvu zemali zegolide nezesiliva, ukucaca kwephethini kanye nokuvuleka kwemiphetho kuthinta ngokuqondile inani lazo eliqoqekayo. Lokhu kudinga ukunemba kokubunjwa kwemishini yokuphonsa ukuze kufinyelele izinga le-micrometer, kanye nekhono lokulawula ngempumelelo ukugeleza kwensimbi phakathi nenqubo yokuphonsa, kuncishiswe ukwenzeka kokukhubazeka okufana nezimbotshana nezimbobo zesihlabathi.

2. Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza: Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuhlobene ngqo nezinzuzo zezomnotho zebhizinisi. Isivinini sokuncibilika, imvamisa yokusakaza, nesikhathi sokupholisa sezisetshenziswa zonke zinquma ukuphuma kwazo ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye. Emabhizinisini aphishekela ukukhiqiza okuphumelelayo, kufanele akhethe imishini yokusakaza enejubane elincibilikayo elisheshayo, inqubo yokuphonsa ezenzakalelayo ebushelelezi, kanye nesistimu yokupholisa esebenza kahle. Amanye ama-furnaces asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokufudumala kwe-induction angancibilikisa inani elikhulu lezinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva ekushiseni okufanelekile ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi ngosizo lwemishini yokukhipha okuzenzakalelayo, angafinyelela ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo.

3. Ukuzinza nokuthembeka: Ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza. Imishini yokuphonsa yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele isebenzise izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuhluleka kwemishini. Lapho kukhethwa izinto zokusebenza, izinkampani zidinga ukuhlola amandla e-R&D nolwazi lokukhiqiza lwabakhiqizi bemishini, baqonde idumela lomkhiqizo wabo kanye nempendulo yomsebenzisi emakethe. Isibonelo, eminye imikhiqizo eyaziwayo yemishini yokuphonsa iqinisekisiwe emakethe iminyaka eminingi futhi inozinzo oluhle. Ngisho nangaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, bangagcina ukusebenza okuzinzile, behlise izindleko zokunakekela kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula samabhizinisi.

(2) Cabangela ukusebenza kwemishini

1. Ukuhambisana nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva zokuhlanzeka nezinhlobo ezahlukene kunomehluko ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo, futhi imishini yokuphonsa idinga ukujwayelana kahle nazo. Isibonelo, ngegolide elihlanzeke kakhulu, izici zalo zokumanzisa nokuqiniswa zihlukile kulezo zama-alloys ahlanzekile. Imishini yokusakaza idinga ukuba namandla okulungisa anembile ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela kokusakaza, nezinye izici ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zingancibilika, zisakazwe, futhi zakheke kahle, kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ayithinteki.

2. Idigri yokufanisa inqubo: Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula insimbi eyigugu bucebile futhi buhlukahlukene, njengokubunjwa kwe-centrifugal, ukusakazwa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukusakaza kwengcindezi, njll. Amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe imishini yokuphonsa efanelekile ngokusekelwe ezinqubweni zawo eziyinhloko. I-Centrifugal Casting ifaneleka ekwenzeni imikhiqizo yegolide nesiliva enezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nogqinsi lwezindonga ezifanayo. Umshini wokuphonsa we-centrifugal ohambisanayo udinga ukuba nokulawula isivinini esinembile kanye nokuvala isikhunta esihle; Ukusakazwa kwamandla adonsela phansi kugxile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta nasekuthuthukiseni izimbobo zokusakaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uketshezi lwensimbi lugcwalisa ngokufana isikhunta ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Ukukhetha okokusebenza okuhambisana kakhulu nenqubo kungasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zenqubo, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

2. Naka izinga le-intelligence kanye ne-automation yemishini

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ubuhlakani kanye ne-automation sekuphenduke izitayela ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yokuphonsa. Amadivayisi ahlakaniphile angakwazi ukuqapha amapharamitha ahlukahlukene enqubweni yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa izinzwa, ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isisindo, njll., futhi azilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo ezisethiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokuvumelana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Umsebenzi we-automation ungafinyelela inqubo egcwele yokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kusuka ekuphakeleni impahla eluhlaza, ukuncibilika, ukuphonsa ekudilizeni umkhiqizo, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla, ukwehlisa umfutho wabasebenzi kanye nephutha lomuntu, kuyilapho kuthuthukiswa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngokwesibonelo, eminye imishini yokuphonsa igolide nesiliva ethuthukisiwe ifakwe izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile. Abasebenzisi badinga kuphela ukufaka amapharamitha womkhiqizo kuphaneli yokulawula, futhi okokusebenza kungaqedela ngokuzenzakalela yonke inqubo yokusakaza. Uma kunezimo ezingavamile, ama-alamu afika ngesikhathi kanye nezinyathelo ezihambisanayo zingathathwa.

3. Ukugcinwa kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa kwemishini

(1) Ukunakekela kalula: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidinga nakanjani ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ngakho ubunzima bokugcinwa bubalulekile. Imishini yokusakaza yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele ibe nomklamo wesakhiwo olula nocacile, izingxenye ezibalulekile okulula ukuzihlakaza nokuzishintsha, futhi ifakwe nezincwadi zokulungisa ezinemininingwane nemiyalelo yokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bemishini kufanele banikeze iziteshi ezilula zokuhlinzeka ngezingxenye ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izinkampani zingathola izingxenye ezishintshayo ngesikhathi futhi zinciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini.

(2) Ikhwalithi yesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa: Isevisi enokwethenjelwa ngemva kokuthengisa iyisiqinisekiso esinamandla sokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile kwamabhizinisi. Lapho ekhetha imishini yokusakaza, amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi yesevisi yomkhiqizi ngemva kokuthengisa, isivinini sokuphendula, namandla okusekela lobuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi kufanele bakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulungisa amaphutha ngesikhathi esifanele, bathumele ochwepheshe abachwepheshile esizeni ukuze baxazulule izinkinga, futhi njalo benze iziqondiso zokulandelela nokugcinwa kokulungiswa kwemishini. Isibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi bathembisa ukuphendula phakathi namahora angu-24 ngemva kokuthola umbiko wephutha futhi baxazulule inkinga phakathi namahora angu-48. Le sevisi esebenza kahle ngemva kokuthengisa ingenza ibhizinisi likhululeke.

4. Ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo yezindleko

(1) Izindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla: Izindleko zokuthenga zingenye yezinto zokuqala amabhizinisi azicabangelayo lapho ekhetha umshini wokukhipha izinto, kodwa azikwazi ukukalwa ngentengo kuphela. Ukuphishekela amanani entengo aphansi ngokweqile kungase kuholele ekusebenzeni kwemishini nekhwalithi ingahlangabezani nezidingo zamabhizinisi, futhi kungase kuphumele ekunakekeleni okuphezulu kanye nezindleko zokuyishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amabhizinisi kufanele aqhathanise izintengo zemikhiqizo ehlukene namamodeli wamathuluzi asekelwe ekucatshangweni okuphelele kwezinto ezifana nokusebenza kwemishini, ikhwalithi, nokusebenziseka, futhi akhethe imikhiqizo enezindleko eziphakeme.

(2)Izindleko zokusebenza: Izindleko zokusebenza zifaka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini, ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, izindleko zabasebenzi, njll. Imishini yokonga amandla inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kumabhizinisi. Isibonelo, izithando zomlilo ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokonga amandla zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-20% -30% uma kuqhathaniswa neziko lendabuko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kwemishini, umsebenzi omncane odingekayo, futhi izindleko zabasebenzi ezihambisanayo ziyancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kumishini lingathinta nezindleko zokusebenza. Imishini yokuphonsa esebenza kahle inganciphisa ukumoshwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe futhi ithuthukise isivuno somkhiqizo.

(3) Imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali: Amabhizinisi kufanele ahlole imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwempahla ngokombono wesikhathi eside. Nakuba izindleko zokuthengwa kwemishini yokusakaza yekhwalithi ephezulu zingase zibe phezulu, zingaletha izinzuzo ezengeziwe zezomnotho emabhizinisini esikhathini esifushane ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza. Ngokubala ngokuphelele ukukhuphuka kwamandla okukhiqiza, inani elengeziwe lomkhiqizo, nokonga izindleko, kutholwa imbuyiselo enembile ekutshalweni kwezimali, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sezinqumo zokuthengwa kwempahla yebhizinisi.

Ukukhetha umshini wokuphonsa wegolide nesiliva wekhwalithi ephezulu ozifanelayo kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezinto eziningi zamabhizinisi okucubungula insimbi eyigugu. Kusukela ekucaciseni izidingo zomuntu siqu zokukhiqiza, yenza ukuhlola okuphelele kokusebenza kwemishini, ukusebenza kwayo, izinga lobuhlakani, ukugcinwa kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, linganisa okuhle nokubi, futhi wenze izinqumo eziqaphile. Kungale ndlela kuphela amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuthenga imishini yokusakaza ethuthukisiwe engagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanje zokukhiqiza kodwa futhi evumelana nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo, izinzuzo eziwinayo zamabhizinisi asemqhudelwaneni oqinile wezimakethe kanye nokuzuza intuthuko esimeme.