Izigayo zasekhaya kufanele zibhekane kanjani nokuguquguquka kwemakethe yokugaya insimbi eyigugu yamazwe ngamazwe?

Imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe yokugaya insimbi eyigugu ihlangabezane nokuguquguquka okuvamisile eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuthonywa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesimo somnotho womhlaba, izinqubomgomo zohwebo, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokujulile izizathu nokubonakaliswa kokuguquguquka kwemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe yokugaya insimbi eyigugu, ihlola amathuba nezinselelo ezibhekene nemboni yokugaya yasekhaya kulo mongo, futhi iphakamisa amasu okuphendula okuhlosiwe, okuhloswe ngawo ukusiza amabhizinisi asekhaya agaywayo ukuthi aqhubekele phambili kancane kancane emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe futhi azuze intuthuko esimeme.

1. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezizathu Zokuguquguquka Kwemakethe Yezinsimbi Eziyigugu Zamazwe Ngamazwe

(1) Izinguquko ezijikelezayo esimweni somnotho womhlaba

Ukukhula komnotho womhlaba kukhombisa ukuguquguquka okujikelezayo. Lapho umnotho usesigabeni esiphumelelayo futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwanda, isidingo sezinsimbi eziyigugu nemikhiqizo yazo sinamandla, okubangela ukwanda kwama-oda emakethe yokugaya; Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi sokuwohloka komnotho, njengenhlekelele yezimali yango-2008 kanye nezikhathi zomthelela ezalandela, imboni yokukhiqiza yancipha futhi isidingo sezigayo eziginqikayo zensimbi sehla kakhulu. Amabhizinisi ayacophelela ekutshaleni imali kumaphrojekthi amasha, abambezele noma ehlise izinhlelo zawo zokuthenga izigayo, andise ukuhlinzekwa kwemakethe kanye nokufuna ukungalingani nokuguquguquka.

(2) Ukungaqiniseki Ngenqubomgomo Yokuhweba

Ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo kuyanda emazweni ahlukahlukene, anemigoqo ephezulu yentela. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana kwezohwebo e-China, amanani okungenisa nokuthekelisa emikhiqizweni yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu ayevame ukulungiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezigayo zasekhaya kuyavinjelwa, isabelo semakethe yaphesheya siyaminyana, futhi umthamo wokuhleleka wamabhizinisi agxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe wehle kakhulu; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zezingxenye ezibalulekile ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe zinyukile ngenxa yomthelela wezindleko, ukucindezela amamajini enzuzo yamabhizinisi asekhaya akhiqiza isigayo, ukuphazamisa ijubane lokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlelwa kwezimakethe, kanye nokubangela ukuguquguquka kwezimakethe.

(3) Ukunikezwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokuguquguquka kwentengo

Njengento eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa komshini wokugaya, ukunikezwa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kuvinjelwa izinto ezifana nezimayini kanye nepolitiki yezwe. Isibonelo, ukungazinzi kwezombangazwe kwezinye izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza izinsimbi eziyigugu kuye kwaholela ekwehlisweni noma ekumisweni kwemisebenzi yezimayini, okubangele ukuqina kokutholakala komhlaba wonke kanye nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo. Izindleko zokuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zamabhizinisi asekhaya ezigaywayo zenyuke kakhulu. Uma izindleko zingakwazi ukudluliselwa ngesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kuzobhekana nengcindezi enkulu. Ukulungisa izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ukuze ulawule izindleko kuzophinde kuthinte ukuzinza kokuhlinzekwa kwemakethe futhi kubangele imiphumela eshubile ekuguquguqukeni kwezimakethe.

2.Izinselelo ezibhekene nemboni yasekhaya yokugaya

(1) Izingqinamba zobuchwepheshe zicindezela ukuncintisana emakethe esezingeni eliphezulu

Uma kuqhathaniswa nabakhiqizi bokugaya abathuthukile bamazwe ngamazwe, amanye amabhizinisi asekhaya asenezikhala ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe eziwumongo ezifana nobuchwepheshe bokurola ngokunemba, amasistimu okulawula ezishintshayo, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza umshini wokugaya osezingeni eliphezulu. Lapho uphishekela ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo yensimbi eyigugu eyigugu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, ukushiyeka kwezobuchwepheshe basekhaya kwenza kube nzima ukufaka ama-oda asezingeni eliphezulu, futhi kungaqhudelana kuphela phakathi nemakethe esezingeni eliphansi, ngenzuzo encane kanye nokuba sengozini yokugcwala kwezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphansi nezimpi zamanani.

(2) Umthelela onganele wamazwe ngamazwe womkhiqizo

Isikhathi eside, amabhizinisi amadala agaywayo e-Europe naseMelika asungule isithombe esisezingeni eliphezulu nesithembekile emhlabeni wonke esinokuqoqwa okujulile kobuchwepheshe kanye nomlando omude womkhiqizo, olawula ngokuqinile izinsiza zamakhasimende ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Nakuba izinhlobo zasekhaya ezigaywayo zinezinga elithile lokuduma emakethe yasekhaya, ngemva kokuya phesheya, ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo wabo kuphansi, futhi kunzima ukusungula ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende. Ngokuvamile baba kusimo esingesihle ekubhideni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokubambisana kwephrojekthi, futhi badinga ukukhokha izindleko eziphakeme zokumaketha ukuze bandise imakethe. Ubuthakathaka bomkhiqizo bukhuphula ubunzima bokuncintisana kwemakethe.

(3) Ukushiyeka ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe

Imakethe yokugaya insimbi eyigugu yamazwe ngamazwe inezidingo ezihlukene, ezinezifunda nezimboni ezahlukene ezinezidingo ezihlukene zokucaciswa komshini wokugaywa, imisebenzi, kanye nokugcinwa ngesikhathi ngemuva kokuthengisa. Amanye amabhizinisi asekhaya ajwayele imodeli yemakethe yasekhaya ebumbene, futhi awenzi ucwaningo olunzulu ngezidingo ezihlukahlukene zemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Amakhono abo okwenza ngokwezifiso umkhiqizo abuthakathaka, futhi ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi yabo yangemva kokuthengisa kusele ngemuva, okwenza kube nzima kubo ukuphendula ngokushesha ezidingweni ezingazelelwe zamakhasimende aphesheya. Lokhu kuthinta ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende nesithunzi semakethe, futhi akuhambisani nokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe ezinzile isikhathi eside.

3.Amasu okuphendula ezigayweni zasekhaya

(1) Ukuqinisa amandla ocwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha

Khulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D, ukusebenzisana namanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuze kusungulwe izikhungo ze-R&D, kugxile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bezigayo zensimbi eziyigugu, njengokwenza ucwaningo ngezinqubo zokunemba eziguquguqukayo ze-nanoscale kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokugoqa, ukugcwalisa izikhala zobuchwepheshe basekhaya, kancane kancane kuqhubekela phambili ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yamazwe omhlaba, kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu, okuthuthukisiwe. amandla okuxoxisana.

Sungula indlela yokuvuselela ubuchwepheshe, unikeze imiklomelo emikhulu emaqenjini e-R&D nabasebenzi bokusungula ubuchwepheshe, uhehe futhi ugcine amathalente ezobuchwepheshe asezingeni eliphezulu, udale isimo esisha sabo bonke abasebenzi, usheshise uguquko nokusebenzisa izimpumelelo zobuchwepheshe, uqinisekise ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi nokuphindaphinda kuhambisana nezimo zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zemakethe zabasebenza kahle kakhulu.

(2) Ukwakha isithombe semikhiqizo edumile emhlabeni jikelele

Ukwakha isu lomkhiqizo wamazwe ngamazwe, ubambe iqhaza emibukisweni yezimboni zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkundla eziphezulu, ubonise impumelelo yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe kanye nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu yezigayo zasekhaya kuzo zonke izici, ukushintshana nokufunda kontanga bamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kuthuthukise ukuchayeka komkhiqizo; Sebenzisa inkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nemidiya yemboni yobuchwepheshe ukukhangisa umkhiqizo, ukuxoxa indaba yomkhiqizo wase-China wokugaya, ukusabalalisa umqondo womkhiqizo kanye nezinzuzo zekhwalithi, futhi uhehe ukunaka kwamakhasimende omhlaba angaba khona.

Naka ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, wethula uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi ethuthukile emhlabeni wonke, wenze ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ecolisisiwe kusukela ekuthengeni impahla eluhlaza kuya ekulethweni komkhiqizo oqediwe, futhi wakhe isithunzi somkhiqizo ngekhwalithi enhle kakhulu; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlanganyela ngokukhuthele ekwakhiweni kwamazinga omhlaba, sungula igunya lomkhiqizo njengomholi ojwayelekile, futhi uthuthukise ukuqashelwa kwamakhasimende nokwethembeka emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.

(3) Thuthukisa amandla okusebenza kwezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe

Yenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, usungule amahhovisi noma izikhungo zocwaningo ezimakethe ezinkulu eziqondiwe, uqonde eduze izinqubomgomo zezimboni zendawo, okuthandwayo kwezidingo zemakethe, nezimo zokuncintisana, unikeze isisekelo esinembile socwaningo lomkhiqizo kanye nokwakhiwa kwamasu okumaketha, futhi uzuze ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo owenziwe ngokwezifiso, njengokuthuthukisa nokulungisa izigayo zensimbi eyigugu ezincane ze-European electronic industry.

Yakha inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa, sebenzisana nabasabalalisi bendawo nabahlinzeki besevisi, sungula izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, uqeqeshe amaqembu ochwepheshe angemva kokuthengisa, uqinisekise ukuphendula ezimfuno zokunakekelwa kwamakhasimende aphesheya phakathi kwamahora angama-24, unciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini, uthuthukise ulwazi lwamakhasimende ngoxhaso oluseqophelweni eliphezulu ngemva kokuthengisa, hlanganisa ubudlelwano bokubambisana ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, futhi ubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe okuqhubekayo.

4.Isiphetho

Ukushintshashintsha kwemakethe yokugaya insimbi eyigugu kuletha kokubili izinselele namathuba. Inqobo nje uma amabhizinisi asekhaya abambelela ngokuqinile endleleni yentuthuko emisha, egcwalisa izikhala zobuchwepheshe, alolonge imikhiqizo yawo ngokucophelela, futhi ethuthukisa amakhono awo okusebenza ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, angathola indlela efanele emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe eneziyaluyalu, agibele umoya namagagasi, afinyelele igxathu ekulandeleni nasekuholeni, anikele amandla aseShayina ekuthuthukiseni imboni eyigugu yomhlaba wonke yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi yasekhaya kanye nesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi yasekhaya.

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