Yiziphi izinto zokusebenza zokumba igolide?

Indlela yokukhipha igolide kumabhodi wesifunda?

Imishini edidiyelwe yokukhipha igolide: umshini omkhulu wokubuyisela igolide nesiliva we-electrolysis, iKhabhinethi yokufaka umoya, umshini wokuthela amanzi, iketela lokuphendula ingilazi, imoto yokuhlunga ye-aqua regia, uhlelo lwe-Ph othomathikhi lokudosa, umshini odidiyelwe wokunciphisa nokuhlunga, umphongolo we-sponge wegolide wokuhlunga, ithangi lokuphendula le-PP, ithangi le-neutralization, igedlela lokuphendula eliphindwe kabili legolide, imishini yokwelapha encibilikisiwe, njll.

Uhlu lwamanani entengo yezinto zokusebenza zokucwenga igolide zamabhodi esekethe lukhulu kakhulu, lusukela emashumini ezinkulungwane kuya emakhulwini ezinkulungwane. Intengo ithonywa izinto ezifana nosayizi wemodeli yemishini, okokukhiqiza, ikhwalithi, ukwakheka kwenqubo, nosayizi wokuphumayo, futhi ingaguquguquka iye phezulu naphansi. Kunzima ukunquma inani elimisiwe, futhi abakhiqizi bangakunikeza kuphela ikhotheshini ethile ngemva kokunquma izidingo zakho kanye nezimo ezithile zokusebenza.

Imishini yokucwenga yensimbi eyigugu isetshenziswa kakhulukazi ukukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide, isiliva, iplatinamu, i-palladium, njll. Njengamanje, i-Fuxin Environmental Refining ikakhulukazi isebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokuhlanzwa kwe-chlorination, ukuhlanzwa kwe-aqua regia, ukuhlanzwa kwe-electrolysis, ukuhlanzwa kwe-chloramine, njll.

Imishini esetshenziswa kakhulu ihlanganisa: umshini omkhulu wokubuyisela amandla we-electroplating/igolide nesiliva, ikhabethe lokungenisa umoya, umshini wokuchaphaza amanzi, iketela lokuphendula ingilazi, imoto yokuhlunga ye-aqua regia, uhlelo lwe-Ph othomathikhi lokudosa, umshini odidiyelwe wokunciphisa nokuhlunga, umphongolo wesipontshi segolide wokuhlunga, ithangi lokuphendula le-PP, ithangi le-neutralization, igedlela lokuphendula ungqimba oluphindwe kabili lokuncibilikisa igolide, kanye nemishini yokwelapha imfucuza.

Yiziphi izindlela zokukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu egolideni?

Igolide liwumkhiqizo wemvelo ongakwazi ukwakhiwa ngokuzenzela, futhi lihlukaniswe libe yigolide eliluhlaza negolide eliphekiwe. Igolide elifinyelele ekuhlanzekeni okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ngemva kokucwengwa libizwa ngegolide elimsulwa, ngokuvamile libhekisela egolideni elinenhlawulo engaphezu kuka-99.6%. Igolide elihlanziwe livame ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, kanti amanye angasetshenziselwa ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni.

1. Licwengwa Kanjani Igolide

I-Single flotation ilungele ukucubungula insimbi yensimbi yemvelo eqinile futhi enohlamvu olumaphakathi. Insimbi egayiwe ifakwa emshinini wokugaya ibhola, igaywe ibe udaka, bese ingena i-flotation. I-mercury flotation exubile ilungele ukucubungula igolide lemvelo ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezishunyekiwe, ezigcinwe ku-pyrite nakwamanye ama-sulfide ores. Ngokungafani ne-flotation eyodwa, ukwengeza ipuleti le-mercury ngemva kokugaya ukuze kutholakale igolide kungafinyelela izinga lokubuyisela lika-30-45%. Isihambisi sebhande egcekeni lemisila; Isihlabathi sensimbi esingesikhulu kunembobo yesisefo sifakwa emshinini wokujikijela oyisiyingi wesiteji esingu-1-3 ngengxube yomphakathi, futhi okugxilile kugeleza kuthebula elinyakazayo ngomshini wokujikijela wezigaba ezi-3 wokukhethwa okumahhadlahhadla, okuhle, nokushanela ukukhiqiza insimbi ecolekileyo yesihlabathi. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa izimayini zesihlabathi esisheshayo, futhi insimbi ecolile echotshoziwe ingasetshenziswa.

2. Isingeniso Sendlela Yokukhipha Igolide Ngokuxuba I-Mercury kanye Nokuhlanzwa Kwegolide

Lokhu empeleni kuyindlela yasendulo yokuhlanzwa kwegolide, inqobo nje uma unesineke, ungasho ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Izindlela eziqondile zimi kanje:

Amanzi egolide+i-mercury+, eqhubeka egaya kuze kungabi khona izinhlayiya zegolide, futhi igolide ne-mercury kwenza izinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic. Gaya bese uhlanganisa impushana yesibabule negolide ehlanganiswe nemercury, uyishise bese uyishisa emoyeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-mercury esele iyahwamuka, futhi izinsimbi eziyisisekelo kuqala zakha i-metal sulfide, kamuva eyenza ama-oxide ensimbi. Phinda ukusebenza okungenhla izikhathi eziningi bese wengeza i-borax ukuze incibilike ibe izingothi zegolide. I-base metal oxides isabela nge-borax ukuze ikhiqize izinto ezincibilikayo eziphansi, ezintanta phezu koqweqwe olungaphezulu loketshezi. Igolide elihlanzekile lizosebenzisa le ndlela ezansi ukuvimbela ubuthi be-mercury vapor.

3. Isingeniso Senqubo Yokuhlanzwa Kwegolide Emanzi Yokukhipha Igolide

Inqubo yokuhlanza igolide elimanzi isebenzisa indlela yokuncibilikisa igolide ku-aqua regia kanye nokwengeza i-ejenti yokunciphisa ukuze kuncishiswe igolide, noma uma i-ejenti yokufihla ubuso isetshenziselwa izinto eziphazamisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kulandelwa ukukhishwa nge-ejenti yokuqala noma i-extractant. Lokhu okusunguliwe kudlula ezinqubweni zendabuko ezifana nokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezinye izinqubo zokuhlanza ezilula ukuze kutholwe igolide lekhwalithi ephezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obukhona, ukusungulwa kwamanje kunezici zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu komkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, nezinqubo ezilula nezisebenzayo. Enye indlela ukuhlanzwa okumanzi kwenqubo yegolide, okubandakanya ukubeka igolide elingahluziwe esitsheni, ukulifaka ku-aqua regia esanda kulungiswa ukuze icwilise igolide elingahluziwe, bese ilishisisa ukuze incibilike imizuzu engu-15-25. Uma igolide elingahluziwe lingaqedwa ngokuphelele, i-aqua regia ingafakwa ukuze ilincibilikise ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho isihlakazwe ngokuphelele.

Okokugcina, sebenzisa imishini yokukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu i-Hasung yokwenza imigoqo yegolide ecwebezelayo, iwumshini wokugaya umshini wokuphonsa ibha yegolide umshini wokuncibilikisa we-induction , njll.