Yeyiphi intsingiselo yemfuno yemarike koomatshini abaqhubekekayo bebar?

Umatshini wokuphosa isinyithi oqhubekayo , njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo kwicandelo lokucubungula isinyithi, udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje. Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi, inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokhuphiswano olukhulu lwemarike, imfuno yemarike yoomatshini bokuphosa isinyithi oqhubekayo bezixhobo zesinyithi ibonisa umkhwa owahlukeneyo notshintsha ngokuguquguqukayo. Ukuhlola ezi ndlela ngokunzulu akuncedi nje kuphela iinkampani ezenza izixhobo zokuphosa ukuba ziqonde ngokuchanekileyo ulwalathiso lwemarike, kodwa kukwabonelela ngesiseko sokwenza izigqibo esicwangcisiweyo kumashishini akwicandelo leshishini elinxulumeneyo.

1. Isishwankathelo seMeko yoShishino

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kwenziwe inkqubela phambili enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo bezinto zebha. Ukususela kuyilo lwezixhobo ezilula kwiintsuku zokuqala ezazinokuvelisa kuphela iibhari ezineenkcazo ezilinganiselweyo kunye nomgangatho, ukuya kwiinkqubo zokuphosa eziphucukileyo nezikrelekrele zanamhlanje ezinokufezekisa imveliso echanekileyo nenkulu. Okwangoku, oomatshini bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo bebha baye baba zizixhobo zemveliso eziphambili kwiindawo eziphambili zesicelo ezifana nentsimbi kunye neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous. Kwihlabathi liphela, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla inomthamo omkhulu wemveliso yokuphosa iibhari, kunye namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo akhokela kuphando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka koqoqosho olusakhulayo, imfuno yabo yezixhobo zebhari ikhule ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba le mimandla iqhubeke nokwandisa utyalo-mali kwicandelo lezixhobo zokuphosa kunye nokutshintsha imeko yemarike.

2. Uhlalutyo lwendlela yokufunwa kwemarike

（1） Imfuno yemveliso esebenzayo iqhuba ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo

① Ukuphuculwa kwesantya semveliso

Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yemarike yezinto zebha kukhuthaze amashishini ukuba afune ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Oomatshini bokuphosa iibha banamhlanje bandise kakhulu isantya sokuphosa ngokwenza ngcono ulwakhiwo loomatshini, ukuphucula inkqubo yokudlulisa, kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo eziphambili. Umzekelo, isantya sokuphosa ezinye iimatshini ezintsha zokuphosa sinyuke ngama-30% -50% xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu imveliso ngexesha ngalinye kwaye ihlangabezana nemfuno ekhawulezayo yenani elikhulu leebha kumashishini afana nokwakha nokuvelisa oomatshini.

② Ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza rhoqo

Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungenelela ngesandla, kuncitshiswe amandla okusebenza, kwaye kuphuculwe uzinzo lwenkqubo yemveliso, oomatshini bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo bebha bayaphuhliswa besiya kwi-automation ephezulu kunye nokuqhubekeka. Inkqubo yolawulo lwe-automation inokufezekisa ukujonga ngexesha langempela kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lweekhonkco ezininzi kwinkqubo yokuphosa, njengoqhagamshelo oluzenzekelayo lomthamo wokuphosa amanzi entsimbi, amandla okupholisa i-crystallizer, ukutsala i-billet kunye nemisebenzi yokulungisa. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwenkqubo yemveliso, kuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kwaye kuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso iyonke.

(2) Ukuphucula imigangatho yomgangatho kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe

① Ukuphucula ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nomgangatho womphezulu

Kwimizi-mveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu efana nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zeenqwelo moya kunye neemoto, kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zokuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wezinto zebha. Abavelisi beemashini zokusika iibha eziqhubekayo bayahlangabezana nezi mfuno zingqongqo ngokuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha be-crystallizer, ukuphucula iinkqubo zokupholisa, kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo zokufumanisa ezikwi-intanethi eziphambili. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokuxuba nge-electromagnetic kunokuphucula ukufana kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-castings, ukunciphisa iziganeko zokwahlulwahlulwa, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphucule iipropati zoomatshini zeebha; Inkqubo yokulinganisa ekwi-intanethi echanekileyo kakhulu inokujonga ukuphambuka kobungakanani bebha ngexesha langempela kwaye ilungise iiparameter zokusika ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani bemveliso buhlangabezana nemigangatho echanekileyo.

② Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwenkampani

Kwiintonga ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ezifana neentonga ze-alloy ezisetyenziswa kumandla enyukliya nakwimveliso yezixhobo eziphezulu, akufuneki kuphela umgangatho olungileyo womphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu, kodwa kufuneka neemfuno ezingqongqo kufana, uxinano, kunye nesakhiwo se-microstructure yesakhiwo sabo sangaphakathi. Abavelisi be-Foundry baphucula isakhiwo se-microstructure sangaphakathi kunye neempawu zezinto ze-bar ngokuphucula iiparameter zenkqubo yokuphosa, ukongeza izinto ezilandelelanayo, kunye nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bonyango lobushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zinokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima.

（3） Iimfuneko zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla zikhokela kwicala lophuhliso

① Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya

Ngokuchasene nokwanda kolwazi oluphangaleleyo ngendalo kwihlabathi liphela, oomatshini bokuphosa iibha rhoqo kufuneka banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kokungcola. Kwelinye icala, ngokuphucula isakhiwo sokukhusela izixhobo, ukuphucula inkqubo yokufudumeza, kunye nokusebenzisa iimoto ezisebenzayo nezigcina amandla, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo kunokunciphisa. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsha zokukhusela iifayibha zeseramikhi kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kobushushu kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Kwelinye icala, kuphuhliswa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokucoca igesi emdaka kunye namanzi amdaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungcola kukhutshwa ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ukuba ukususwa kothuli lwengxowa, ukususwa kothuli olusebenzisa umbane kunye nezinye iiteknoloji zisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela nokunyanga ngempumelelo umsi kunye nothuli oluveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha; Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuphinda usebenzise amanzi amdaka, izibonelelo zamanzi zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka kunokunciphisa.

② Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji yokuCoca okuLuhlaza

Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokulahla inkunkuma eluhlaza luye lwaba ngumkhwa wokunciphisa impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo evela kumthombo. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokulahla inkunkuma ekufutshane ne-net shape kunokwenza imo kunye nobukhulu be-billet ye-cast kufutshane nemveliso yokugqibela, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye namandla kumanyathelo okucubungula alandelayo. Ukongeza, ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezintsha zokulahla inkunkuma ezinokuthatha indawo yezinto zemveli eziyingozi kukwayindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokulahla inkunkuma eluhlaza.

(4) Ukwandisa indawo yemarike kwiindawo ezisakhasayo zezicelo

① Ukukhula kwemfuno yeshishini elitsha lamandla

Ngenxa yokukhuthazwa ngamandla kwamandla acocekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, ishishini elitsha lamandla liyachuma. Imfuno yeentonga zesinyithi ezisebenza kakuhle ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezifana namandla elanga, amandla omoya, kunye nezithuthi zombane. Umzekelo, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zibekwe ekusebenzeni nasekusemgangathweni kwezixhobo ze-electrode zebhetri kwizithuthi zombane, izinto zeentonga zeeshafts zeemoto, kunye nezinto zeentonga zezinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakha kwizixhobo zamandla omoya. Oku kuye kwakhuthaza abavelisi beemashini zokusika eziqhubekayo zezinto zebha ukuba baphuhlise izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokusika ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo kwishishini elitsha lamandla, ezifana nokuqhuba okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokukhanya.

② Amathuba kwicandelo lokushicilela nge-3D kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezongeziweyo

Ukwanda kwetekhnoloji yokushicilela ye-3D kunye neyokongeza kuvule amathuba amatsha emarike kwiimashini zokusika iibha eziqhubekayo. Ezi tekhnoloji zifuna iingcingo zesinyithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu njengezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye oomatshini bokusika iibha eziqhubekayo banokuvelisa iingcingo zesinyithi ezichanekileyo nezihlanganiswe ngokulinganayo ezifanelekileyo zokuprinta kwe-3D ngokulungisa iiparamitha zenkqubo. Ngokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yokushicilela ye-3D kwi-aerospace, izixhobo zonyango, ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye nezinye iinkalo, imfuno yezixhobo zentsimbi yesinyithi iya kuqhubeka ikhula, ngaloo ndlela iqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno yemarike yeemashini zokusika iibha eziqhubekayo kweli candelo likhulayo.

3. Isiphelo

Imfuno yemarike yoomatshini bokuphosa iibhari ngokuqhubekayo idlula kutshintsho olukhulu oluqhutywa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemveliso esebenzayo, ukuphuculwa komgangatho, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, kunye neendawo ezisakhulayo zokusetyenziswa. Abavelisi bezixhobo kunye namashishini anxulumene nazo kufuneka bajonge ngokusondeleyo ezi ndlela, bandise utyalo-mali kuphando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso, ukuvelisa imveliso, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ukuze bazivumelanise notshintsho oluguquguqukayo kwimfuno yemarike. Kuphela ngokuphucula inqanaba lakho lobuchwepheshe kunye nokukhuphisana kwemveliso apho umntu anokuthi abe kwindawo efanelekileyo kukhuphiswano olukhulu lwemarike kwaye afumane uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Okwangoku, ngophuhliso olongezelelekileyo lwetekhnoloji kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yemarike yoomatshini bokuphosa iibhari ngokuqhubekayo iya kuqhubeka ibonisa indlela yophuhliso eyahlukeneyo nephezulu kwixesha elizayo, izisa amathuba amaninzi kunye nemingeni kushishino.

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