Makina oponyera mosalekeza ndi chipangizo choponyera chosatha chomwe chimasintha chitsulo chamadzimadzi kukhala kukula kofunikira.

Phunzirani za kuponya mosalekeza

Kuponyedwa kosalekeza ndi njira yomwe zitsulo zosungunuka zimakhazikika mu slab mosalekeza, zomwe zimadulidwa mpaka utali wofunidwa. Ma casters osalekeza adapangidwa kuti asinthe chitsulo chosungunuka kukhala zinthu zomalizidwa pang'ono monga ma slabs, maluwa ndi ma billets. Njirayi imathetsa kufunikira kwa chikhalidwe cha ingot, chomwe chimatenga nthawi komanso chochepa.

Kuponya mosalekeza

Kuponyera kosalekeza kumayamba ndikusungunula zopangira mu ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi kapena chosinthira mpweya. Chitsulo chikafika pa kutentha kofunikira ndi kapangidwe kake, chimatsanuliridwa mu ladles ndikusamutsira ku caster mosalekeza.

Nkhungu: Thirani chitsulo chosungunuka mu nkhungu yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndikuyamba kulimba. Nthawi zambiri nkhungu zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa, womwe umakhala ndi matenthedwe abwino kwambiri otengera kutentha.

Kukhazikika: Pamene chitsulo chosungunuka chikudutsa mu nkhungu, chimazizira ndi kulimba. Kuchuluka kwa chipolopolo cholimba kumayendetsedwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikhale zofanana.

Tulukani: Woponyayo mosalekeza amakoka slab yolimba kuchokera mu crystallizer pa liwiro loyendetsedwa. Mlingo wochotsa uwu ndi wofunikira chifukwa umakhudza ubwino wa mankhwala omaliza.

KUDULA: Wayayo akafika kutalika komwe akufuna, amadulidwa mzidutswa zotha kutha kuzisunga monga ma slabs, maluwa, kapena ma billets, malingana ndi momwe akufunira.

Kuziziritsa: Akadula, zinthu zomwe zatsirizidwa bwino zimazizidwanso pabedi lozizirira zisananyamulidwe kuti zikonzenso kapena kusungidwa.

Mitundu ya makina opitilira aponyera

Makina akuponya mosalekeza akhoza kugawidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu chomaliza:

Slab Caster: Makinawa amapanga ma slabs athyathyathya omwe nthawi zambiri amakulungidwa m'mapepala kapena mbale.

Ma Casters Aakulu Akuluakulu: Makatani akulu akulu akulu amapanga zinthu zokhala ndi magawo akulu akulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe.

Billet Caster: Billet caster imapanga zinthu zokhala ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ndodo, ndodo ndi zinthu zina zazitali.

Mtundu uliwonse wa caster wopitilira umapangidwa ndi zinthu zinazake kuti ziwongolere njira yopangira kuti mupeze mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.

Ubwino wa makina oponyera mosalekeza

Kugwiritsa ntchito makina oponyera mosalekeza kumabweretsa zabwino zambiri pakupanga zitsulo:

1. Kupititsa patsogolo luso

Makina opitilira kuponya amagwira ntchito mosalekeza kuti akwaniritse njira yokhazikika yopangira. Izi zikusiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zoponyera, zomwe zimafuna njira zowonongera nthawi monga kuziziritsa ndi kusamalira ingots payokha. Kupitiliza kwa ntchitoyi kumawonjezera zokolola ndikufupikitsa nthawi yopanga.

2. Sinthani khalidwe

Kuponyedwa kosalekeza kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika zomwe zimapezeka mu ingots, monga tsankho ndi porosity. Mitengo yoziziritsa yoyendetsedwa ndi kulimba kofanana mu caster imapanga zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri zokhala ndi makina opangidwa bwino.

3. Chepetsani kutaya zinthu

Popanga zinthu zomalizidwa pang'ono kuchokera kuzitsulo zosungunuka, ma casters opitilira amachepetsa kwambiri zinyalala zakuthupi. Njirayi imathetsa kufunikira kowonjezera ndi kukonza ma ingots, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yokhazikika yopangira.

4. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama

Kuchita bwino komanso kuwongolera kwabwino komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuponyera kosalekeza kungapangitse kupulumutsa ndalama kwa opanga zitsulo. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu kumathandizira kuti pakhale njira yopangira ndalama zambiri.

5. Kusinthasintha

Makina amakono opitilira apo amapangidwa kuti azikhala ndi mitundu ingapo yazitsulo ndi mawonekedwe azinthu. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumapangitsa opanga kuyankha mwachangu pazofuna zamsika ndikupanga zinthu zosinthidwa ngati pakufunika.

Zotsatira za kuponyera kosalekeza pamakampani azitsulo

Kuyambitsidwa kwa makina oponyera mosalekeza kunakhudza kwambiri mafakitale azitsulo. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'ma 1950, kuponyera kosalekeza kwakhala njira yayikulu yopangira zitsulo padziko lonse lapansi. Kusintha uku kwadzetsa zochitika zazikulu zingapo:

1. Kukula kwapadziko lonse lapansi

Kuponyedwa kosalekeza kumathandiza opanga zitsulo kuti awonjezere kwambiri kupanga. Kutha kupanga bwino zitsulo zambiri zapamwamba kumathandizira kukula kwa msika wazitsulo padziko lonse lapansi.

2. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo

Kuponyedwa kosalekeza kumalimbikitsa luso lamakono pakupanga zitsulo. Kupita patsogolo kwa ma automation, machitidwe owunikira ndi sayansi yazinthu zathandizira magwiridwe antchito komanso kudalirika kwa ma casters osalekeza, ndikuwonjezera luso lawo.

3. Ubwino wa chilengedwe

Kuchepetsa zinyalala zakuthupi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuponyera kosalekeza kumathandizira kuti pakhale njira yokhazikika yopangira zitsulo. Pamene makampani akukumana ndi chitsenderezo chowonjezereka kuti achepetse kukhudzidwa kwake pa chilengedwe, ma casters osalekeza amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zolingazi.

4. Limbikitsani kupikisana

Opanga zitsulo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wakuponya mosalekeza amapeza mwayi wampikisano pamsika. Kukwanitsa kupanga zinthu zapamwamba pamtengo wotsika kumapangitsa makampaniwa kukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala moyenera komanso kukhala opindulitsa.

Pomaliza

Ma casters opitilira ndiye mwala wapangodya wakupanga zitsulo zamakono, kutembenuza chitsulo chosungunuka kukhala zinthu zomalizidwa bwino kwambiri komanso zabwino. Pamene makampani azitsulo akupitirizabe kukula, kufunikira kwa teknoloji yopititsira patsogolo kumangokula. Ndi ubwino wake wambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwabwino, khalidwe labwino, kuchepa kwa zowonongeka komanso kutsika mtengo, operekera mosalekeza adzakhalabe patsogolo pa kupanga zitsulo kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene opanga amatengera lusoli, iwo sangangowonjezera mphamvu zopanga komanso amathandizira pa chitukuko chokhazikika ndi mpikisano wamakampani azitsulo.