Umatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo sisixhobo sokuphosa esigqityiweyo esiguqula intsimbi engamanzi kwisayizi efunekayo.

Funda ngokusasaza okuqhubekayo

Ukuphosa ngokuqhubekayo yinkqubo apho isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siqina kwi-slab eqhubekayo, ethi ke isikwe ubude obufunekayo. Ii-casters eziqhubekayo ziyilelwe ukuguqula intsimbi etyhidiweyo kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo ezifana ne-slabs, iintyatyambo kunye neebhilithi. Inkqubo iphelisa imfuno ye-ingot casting yendabuko, edla ixesha kwaye ingasebenzi kakuhle.

Inkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphosa

Inkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphosa iqala ngokunyibilikisa izinto eziluhlaza kwisithando sombane se-arc okanye i-oxygen converter. Emva kokuba insimbi ifikelele kwiqondo lokushisa elifunekayo kunye nokubunjwa, igalelwe kwiileyile kwaye idluliselwe kwi-caster eqhubekayo.

Umngundo: Galela intsimbi etyhidiweyo kwisingundo esipholileyo samanzi kwaye uqalise ukuqina. Iimbumba zenziwa ngobhedu, ezine-conductivity egqwesileyo ye-thermal yokuhambisa ubushushu obusebenzayo.

Ukuqina: Njengoko intsimbi etyhidiweyo idlula kumngundo, iyaphola kwaye iqine. Ubukhulu beqokobhe eliqinisiweyo bulawulwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukufana.

Phuma ngaphandle: I-caster eqhubekayo ikhupha i-slab eqinisiweyo ngaphandle kwe-crystallizer ngesantya esilawulwayo. Eli zinga lokutsalwa libalulekile njengoko lichaphazela umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.

UKUSIKA: Lwakuba ucingo lufikelele kubude obufunwayo, lusikwa lube ziziqwenga ezilawulekayo ezifana nezilabhu, iintyatyambo, okanye iibhilithi, kuxhomekeka kwindlela ekujoliswe ngayo.

Ukupholisa: Emva kokusikwa, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ziphinda zipholiswe kwibhedi yokupholisa phambi kokuba zihanjiswe ukuze ziqhubeke nomsebenzi okanye zigcinwe.

Iintlobo zoomatshini abaqhubekayo bokuphosa

Oomatshini bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo banokuhlelwa ngokwemilo yemveliso yokugqibela:

I-Slab Caster: Aba matshini bavelisa ii-slabs ezisicaba ezihlala ziqengqeleka zibe ngamashiti okanye iipleyiti.

I-Square Casters enkulu: Ii-square casters ezinkulu zivelisa iimveliso ezinamacandelwana amakhulu kwaye zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zesakhiwo.

I-Billet Caster: I-billet caster ivelisa iimveliso ezinamacandelwana amancinci amancinci kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iirod, iirods kunye nezinye iimveliso ezide.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-caster eqhubekayo luyilwe kunye neempawu ezithile zokwandisa inkqubo yokuphosa ukufumana imveliso efunekayo imilo.

Izinto eziluncedo zomatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo

Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo kuzisa iingenelo ezininzi kwimveliso yentsimbi:

1. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle

Umatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo usebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukufezekisa inkqubo yokuvelisa ezinzile. Oku kuchasene neendlela zokuphosa zendabuko, ezifuna iinkqubo ezichitha ixesha ezifana nokupholisa kunye nokuphatha i-ingots nganye. Ukuqhubekeka kwenkqubo kwandisa izivuno kwaye kunciphisa amaxesha emveliso.

2. Phucula umgangatho

Inkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphosa inciphisa umngcipheko weziphene eziqhelekileyo kwiingots, ezifana nokuhlukana kunye ne-porosity. Amazinga okupholisa alawulwayo kunye nokuqina okufanayo kwi-caster kuvelisa umgangatho ophezulu wensimbi kunye neempawu eziphuculweyo zomatshini.

3. Ukunciphisa inkcitho yezinto eziphathekayo

Ngokuvelisa iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ngokuthe ngqo kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo, ii-casters eziqhubekayo zinciphisa kakhulu inkunkuma yezinto. Inkqubo iphelisa isidingo sokuphathwa okongeziweyo kunye nokulungiswa kweengots, okukhokelela kwindlela yokuvelisa ezinzileyo.

4. Ukusebenza kweendleko

Ukusebenza kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho ohambelana nokuphosa okuqhubekayo kunokubangela ukugcinwa kweendleko kubenzi bentsimbi. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziphathekayo kufaka isandla kwinkqubo yokuvelisa uqoqosho.

5. Ukuba bhetyebhetye

Oomatshini bokuphosa banamhlanje abaqhubekayo benzelwe ukuhlalisa uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala ensimbi kunye neemilo zemveliso. Oku kuguquguquka kuvumela abavelisi ukuba baphendule ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zentengiso kwaye bavelise iimveliso ezilungiselelwe njengoko zifuneka.

Impembelelo yokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo kwishishini lensimbi

Ukuqaliswa kwemishini yokuphosa eqhubekayo yaba nefuthe elibi kwishishini lentsimbi. Ukusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo ngeminyaka yee-1950, ukuphoswa ngokuqhubekayo kuye kwaba yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuveliswa kwentsimbi kwihlabathi liphela. Olu tshintsho lukhokelele kuphuhliso oluninzi oluphambili:

1. Ukukhula kwemveliso yehlabathi

Ukuphosa ngokuqhubekayo kuvumela abavelisi bentsimbi ukuba bakhulise kakhulu imveliso. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo izixa ezikhulu zentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu negalelo ekukhuleni ngokubanzi kwemarike yentsimbi yehlabathi.

2. Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe

Inkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphosa ikhuthaza ukutsha kwezobuchwepheshe kwimveliso yensimbi. Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-automation, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kunye nesayensi yezixhobo ziye zaphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwee-casters eziqhubekayo, ukwandisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwabo.

3. Iinzuzo zokusingqongileyo

Ukunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuhambelana nokuphosa okuqhubekayo kunegalelo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa intsimbi ezinzileyo. Njengoko ishishini lijongene noxinzelelo olwandayo lokunciphisa impembelelo yalo kokusingqongileyo, i-casters eqhubekayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni ezi njongo.

4. Ukuphucula ukhuphiswano

Abavelisi bentsimbi abasebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuphosa eqhubekayo bafumana inzuzo yokhuphiswano kwimarike. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiindleko eziphantsi zivumela ezi nkampani ukuba zihlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zigcine inzuzo.

ukuququmbela

Ii-casters eziqhubekayo zisisiseko semveliso yensimbi yanamhlanje, ukuguqula intsimbi etyhidiweyo ibe yimveliso egqityiweyo ngokufanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho. Njengoko imboni yensimbi iqhubeka nokuphuhlisa, ukubaluleka kobuchwephesha obuqhubekayo bokuphosa kuya kukhula kuphela. Ngeenzuzo zayo ezininzi, kubandakanywa nokusebenza kakuhle, umgangatho ophuculweyo, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye neendleko-ukusebenza, i-casters eqhubekayo iya kuhlala iphambili kwimveliso yensimbi kwiminyaka ezayo. Njengoko abavelisi bamkela le teknoloji, abayi kwandisa kuphela amandla okuvelisa kodwa baphinde bafake isandla kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokukhuphisana kweshishini lensimbi.