Umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo umshini wokulingisa oqedwe kancane oguqula insimbi ewuketshezi ibe usayizi odingekayo.

Funda mayelana nokulingisa okuqhubekayo

Ukubunjwa okuqhubekayo kuyinqubo lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe iqina ibe yi-slab eqhubekayo, ebese isikwa ibe ngobude obufunekayo. Ama-caster aqhubekayo aklanyelwe ukuguqula insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe imikhiqizo ecishe iqedwe njengama-slabs, ama-blooms nama-billet. Inqubo iqeda isidingo sokusakazwa kwe-ingot okuvamile, okudla isikhathi futhi okungasebenzi kahle.

Inqubo yokusakaza eqhubekayo

Inqubo yokuphonsa eqhubekayo iqala ngokuncibilikisa impahla eluhlaza esithandweni somlilo se-arc kagesi noma isiguquli se-oxygen. Uma insimbi ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elidingekayo kanye nokubunjwa, ithululelwa kuma-ladles futhi idluliselwe ku-caster eqhubekayo.

Isikhunta: Thela insimbi encibilikisiwe esibunjeni esipholile ngamanzi bese uqala ukuqiniswa. Isikhunta ngokuvamile senziwe ngethusi, eline-conductivity enhle kakhulu yokushisa yokudlulisa ukushisa okuphumelelayo.

Ukuqiniswa: Njengoba insimbi encibilikisiwe idlula esikhunjeni, iyaphola futhi iqine. Ukuqina kwegobolondo eliqinile kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana.

Khipha: I-caster eqhubekayo idonsa i-slab eqinile ngaphandle kwecrystallizer ngesivinini esilawulwayo. Leli zinga lokukhipha libalulekile njengoba lithinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

UKUSIKA: Uma ucingo selufinyelele ubude obufunekayo, lunqunywa lube yizicucu ezilawulekayo njengama-slabs, ama-blooms, noma amabhilidi, kuye ngokuthi ihloselwe ukusetshenziselwa ini.

Ukupholisa: Ngemva kokusika, imikhiqizo eseqedile ukupholisa iphinde ipholiswe embhedeni wokupholisa ngaphambi kokuba ithuthwe ukuze iqhutshekiswe futhi igcinwe.

Izinhlobo zemishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo

Imishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo ingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngesimo somkhiqizo wokugcina:

I-Slab Caster: Le mishini ikhiqiza ama-slabs ayisicaba ajwayele ukugoqwa abe amashidi noma amapuleti.

Ama-Square Casters Amakhulu: Ama-caster amakhulu ayizikwele akhiqiza imikhiqizo eneziphambano ezinkulu futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza.

I-Billet Caster: I-billet caster ikhiqiza imikhiqizo eneziphambano ezincane futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izinduku, izinduku neminye imikhiqizo emide.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-caster eqhubekayo ludizayinelwe ngezici ezithile ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokusakaza ukuze kutholwe umumo womkhiqizo oyifunayo.

Izinzuzo zomshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo

Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo kuletha izinzuzo eziningi ekukhiqizeni insimbi:

1. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle

Umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo usebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze uzuze inqubo yokukhiqiza ezinzile. Lokhu kuphambene nezindlela zokusakaza ezivamile, ezidinga izinqubo ezidla isikhathi ezifana nokupholisa nokubamba ama-ingots angawodwana. Ukuqhubeka kwenqubo kwandisa isivuno futhi kunciphisa izikhathi zokukhiqiza.

2. Thuthukisa izinga

Inqubo yokulingisa eqhubekayo inciphisa ubungozi bokukhubazeka okuvamile kuma-ingots, njengokuhlukanisa kanye ne-porosity. Amazinga okupholisa alawulwayo kanye nokuqina okufanayo ku-caster kukhiqiza insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu enezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini.

3. Yehlisa ukumosha izinto

Ngokukhiqiza imikhiqizo engaqediwe ngokuqondile ngensimbi encibilikisiwe, ama-casters aqhubekayo anciphisa kakhulu imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo. Inqubo iqeda isidingo sokuphathwa okwengeziwe nokucubungula ama-ingots, okuholela endleleni yokukhiqiza esimeme kakhudlwana.

4. Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko

Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi okuhlotshaniswa nokusakazwa okuqhubekayo kungaholela ekongeni kwezindleko zabakhi bensimbi. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunomthelela enqubweni yokukhiqiza eyongayo.

5. Ukuvumelana nezimo

Imishini yokusakaza yesimanje eqhubekayo iklanyelwe ukuthwala amamaki amaningi ensimbi kanye nokubunjwa komkhiqizo. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi baphendule ngokushesha ezidingweni zemakethe futhi bakhiqize imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso njengoba kudingeka.

Umthelela wokusakazwa okuqhubekayo embonini yensimbi

Ukwethulwa kwemishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo kwaba nomthelela omkhulu embonini yensimbi. Kusukela yethulwa ngawo-1950s, ukulingisa okuqhubekayo sekuyindlela evelele yokukhiqiza insimbi emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kushintsha kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okubalulekile okuningana:

1. Ukukhula kokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke

Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo kuvumela abakhiqizi bensimbi ukuthi bakhulise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa. Ikhono lokukhiqiza ngokuyikho inqwaba yensimbi yezinga eliphezulu linomthelela ekukhuleni okuphelele kwemakethe yensimbi yomhlaba wonke.

2. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe

Inqubo yokuphonsa eqhubekayo ikhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni insimbi. Intuthuko ku-automation, izinhlelo zokuqapha kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha ithuthukise ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwama-casters aqhubekayo, yathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwabo.

3. Izinzuzo zemvelo

Ukunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhambisana nokusakazwa okuqhubekayo kunomthelela ekwenzeni inqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi esimeme. Njengoba imboni ibhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokunciphisa umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile, abalingiswa abaqhubekayo badlala indima ebalulekile ekufezeni lezi zinhloso.

4. Thuthukisa ukuncintisana

Abakhiqizi bensimbi abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza obuqhubekayo bathola inzuzo yokuncintisana emakethe. Ikhono lokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngezindleko eziphansi livumela lezi zinkampani ukuthi zihlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende ngokuphumelelayo futhi zigcine inzuzo.

Ekuphetheni

Ama-casters aqhubekayo ayisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwensimbi yesimanje, ukuguqula insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe yimikhiqizo eseqediwe ngokusebenza kahle nangekhwalithi. Njengoba imboni yensimbi iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa obuqhubekayo kuzokhula kuphela. Ngezinzuzo zayo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe, ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe, imfucuza encishisiwe kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, ama-casters aqhubekayo azohlala ehamba phambili ekukhiqizeni insimbi iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Njengoba abakhiqizi besebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, ngeke bakhulise amakhono okukhiqiza kuphela kodwa futhi bafake isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kanye nokuncintisana kwemboni yensimbi.