Makemake ʻoe e haku i ka hana ʻana o ka pauka metala ultrafine? E nana mai maanei.

I loko o ka ʻoihana hana kiʻekiʻe o kēia lā, ua lilo nā pauka metala maikaʻi loa i mea kumu no nā ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. He nui a koʻikoʻi kā lākou mau noi, mai ka paʻi 3D metala (manufacturing additive) a me nā pale pale wela no nā ʻenekini aerospace i conductive kala kala no nā ʻāpana uila a me nā pauka titanium alloy no nā implants olakino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hana ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa-oxygen, spherical ultra-fine metala pauka he pilikia ʻenehana paʻakikī loa. Ma waena o nā ʻenehana hana pauka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka atomization wai metala kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kāna mau pono kūʻokoʻa. Akā ʻo ia ka "maikaʻi" e like me ka lono? Hoʻopili kēia ʻatikala i kāna mau loina, nā pono, nā pilikia, a me nā noi e loaʻa ai ka pane.

1. Ultra-Fine Metal Powder: The "Invisible Cornerstone" of Modern Industry

Ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hana, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu he mea nui ka pauka metala ultra-fine.

(1) Wehewehe a me nā kūlana:

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā pauka metala me ka nui o nā ʻāpana ma waena o 1 micron a me 100 microns i manaʻo ʻia he pauda maikaʻi, aʻo ka poʻe me ka nui o nā ʻāpana ma lalo o 20 microns (a hiki i ka sub-micron level) ua kapa ʻia nā pauka "ultra-fine" a i ʻole "micro-fine". Loaʻa i kēia mau pauka kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī kikoʻī nui loa, ka hopena i nā hopena o ka ʻili, nā hopena liʻiliʻi, a me nā hopena quantum ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea nui.

(2) Nā Māhele Noi Pono:

Hana Hoʻohui (3D Printing): ʻO kēia ka māhele koi nui loa no nā pauka metala maikaʻi loa. Hoʻoheheʻe nā lasers a i ʻole nā ​​kukui uila i nā ʻāpana o ka pauka no ka hana pono ʻana i nā ʻāpana me nā geometries paʻakikī no ka aerospace, lāʻau lapaʻau (e laʻa, nā hui pūhaka, nā lei niho), a me nā ʻoihana mold. ʻO ka hiki ke kahe o ka pauka, ka puʻunaue ka nui o ka ʻāpana, a me ka sphericity e hoʻoholo pololei i ka pololei a me ka hana o ka ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia.

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka metala (MIM): Hoʻohui ʻia ka pauka metala maikaʻi loa me kahi mea hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana e hana i kahi ʻano. Ke hana nei kēia "ʻāpana ʻōmaʻomaʻo" i ka debinding a sintering e hana i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-pololei, paʻakikī loa, e like me nā pā SIM kelepona, nā mea puhi ahi, a me nā hihia kiaʻi.

ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe wela: Hāʻawi ʻia ka pauka i loko o ka lapalapa wela a i ʻole ke kahawai plasma, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ma luna o kahi ʻili substrate e hana ai i nā pale pale ʻaʻahu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻili mīkini, nā paipu aila, etc.

Nā Māhele ʻē aʻe: Loaʻa pū kekahi i nā pastes conductive no ka ʻoihana uila, nā catalysts no ka ʻoihana kemika, a me nā mea ikaika no ka ʻāpana pale.

Ke hoʻokau nei kēia mau noi kiʻekiʻe i nā koi koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka nui o ka pauda metala, sphericity, oxygen content, flowability, a me ka mānoanoa.

2. He ʻokoʻa o nā ʻenehana hana pauda: No ke aha e kū ai ka Atomization wai?

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻenehana nui no ka hana ʻana i nā pauka metala i nā ʻano hana kino (e laʻa, atomization), nā ʻano kemika (e laʻa, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahu kemika, hoʻemi), a me nā ʻano mechanical (e laʻa, ka wili pōlele). Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka atomization ke ʻano kumu nui ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana, ke kumukūʻai maʻalahi, a me ke kūpono no ka hana ʻenehana.

Hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ka Atomization i ka atomization kinoea a me ka atomization wai ma muli o ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia.

ʻAtomization Gas: Hoʻohana i ke kinoea inert puʻe kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, argon, nitrogen) e hoʻopā ai i ke kahawai o ka metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e wāwahi ana i loko o nā kulu liʻiliʻi e paʻa i ka pauka. Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi i ka sphericity pauka kiʻekiʻe a me ka mana o ka oxygen maikaʻi. ʻO nā hemahema ka mea paʻakikī, ke kumukūʻai kinoea kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā pauka ultra-fine.

ʻO ka Atomization Wai: Hoʻohana i nā pahu wai kiʻekiʻe e like me ke ʻano haʻihaʻi. ʻO ka atomization wai maʻamau, ma muli o kona wikiwiki hoʻolili ʻana, e hana i ka hapa nui o nā pauka like ʻole (flaky a kokoke-spherical) me ka ʻike oxygen kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kula kahi i koʻikoʻi ʻole ke ʻano, e like me ka metallurgy a me nā mea wili.

ʻO ka ʻenehana atomization wai metala kiʻekiʻe he mea hou nui e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai kuʻuna, me ke akamai e hoʻohui i ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka atomization wai me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka atomization kinoea.

3. Demystifying i ke kiʻekiʻe-mahana metala wai Atomization Powder Production Machine: Pehea e hana?

ʻO ka manaʻo hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi o ka manaʻo hoʻolālā wai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe: e hoʻātomize i nā kulu metala e like me ka hiki a hiki iā lākou ke noho spherical ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wai.

Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kāna kaʻina hana ma kēia mau ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi:

（1）Ka hehee a me ka wela nui: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi umu induction medium-frequency ma lalo o ka vacuum a i ʻole kahi ea pale a hoʻomehana ʻia i kahi mahana ma mua o ko lākou wahi hoʻoheheʻe ("superheated" state, maʻamau 200-400°C kiʻekiʻe). ʻO ka wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻemi nui i ka viscosity o ka metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ka haʻalulu o ka ʻili, ʻo ia ke kumu nui no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pauka maikaʻi a spherical.

（2）Ke alakaʻi a me ka ninini paʻa: hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kahawai paʻa ma o ka nozzle alakaʻi lalo. He mea koʻikoʻi ke kūpaʻa o kēia kahawai no ka hoʻohele like ʻana i ka nui o ka pauka.

（3）Ka Atomization High-Pressure: ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻenehana. Hoʻopili pololei ʻia ke kahawai metala ma ka nozzle atomization e kekahi mau pahu wai kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i 100 MPa a i ʻole) mai nā kihi like ʻole. ʻO ke kaomi wai kiʻekiʻe loa e hāʻawi i nā mokulele i ka ikehu kinetic nui, hiki iā 粉碎 (fensui: ʻohi) i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-nui ke kahe metala wela loa i loko o nā kulu maikaʻi loa.

（4）Ka lele a me ka Spheroidization: Ua lawa ka manawa o nā micro-droplets metala i ʻoki ʻia i ka wā o ko lākou lele ʻana i lalo o ka hale kiaʻi atomization e ʻaelike i loko o nā pōʻai kūpono ma lalo o ka hana o ka haʻalulu. Hoʻokumu nā mea hana i kahi kaiapuni maikaʻi loa no ka droplet spheroidization ma ke kāohi pono ʻana i ka lewa i loko o ka hale kiaʻi atomization (hoʻopiha pinepine ʻia me kahi kinoea pale e like me ka nitrogen) a me ka mamao lele.

（5）Rapid Solidification and Collection: Paʻa koke nā kulu pōʻai i ka hāʻule ʻana i loko o ka pahu hōʻiliʻili wai hoʻoluʻu ma lalo, e hana ana i ka pauda spherical paʻa. ʻO nā kaʻina hana hope e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ka nānā ʻana, a me ka hui ʻana e loaʻa ka huahana hope.

4. 'O ka "Usefulness" o ka Atomization Wai Ki'eki'e: He 'Ikepili Loa o na Pono.

Ua manaʻo ʻia he "maikaʻi" no ka mea e kamaʻilio ana i nā wahi ʻeha he nui i ka hana ʻana i ka pauka ultra-fine:

1. Loaʻa ʻia ka pauda ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi loa: ʻO kēia kāna pono nui loa. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka puʻe wai kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana superheating metala e hoʻonui nui i ka hua o nā pauka ultra-fine i manaʻo ʻia ma ka laulā 15-25μm i nā manawa he nui o ka atomization kinoea kuʻuna, e hōʻemi nui ana i nā kumukūʻai hana.

2. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pauda Sphericity: Hoʻemi ʻo Superheating i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻili o ka metala, a ʻo nā kaʻina hana atomization optimized ka hopena i ka pauka sphericity kokoke loa i ka pauka kinoea-atomized, hoʻokō piha i nā koi no ka paʻi 3D a me MIM.

3. Haʻahaʻa Haʻahaʻa Oxygen Content: ʻOiai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea e hoʻolauna ai i nā pilikia oxidation, nā ana e like me ka hoʻolālā nozzle optimized, hoʻopiha i ke keʻena atomization me ke kinoea pale, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā antioxidants kūpono hiki ke hoʻomalu pono i ka ʻike o ka oxygen ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (no nā alloys he nui, ma lalo o 500 ppm), e hālāwai me ka hapa nui o nā pono noi.

4. Nui ka waiwai o ke kumu kūʻai: Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka atomization kinoea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kinoea inert pipiʻi, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o ka wai ʻaneʻane negligible. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā lako a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma mua o nā mea hana atomization kinoea o ka hoʻopuka like, e hāʻawi ana i ka hiki ke hoʻokele waiwai no ka hana ʻoihana nui.

5. Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mea nui: He kūpono no ka hanaʻana i nā pauka mai ka hao, ka nickel-based, cobalt-based alloys i ke keleawe keleawe, nā alumini alumini, nā kinikini, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka versatility ikaika.

5. Nā Malu ma lalo o ke kukui: Ke nānā pono 'ana i kona mau pilikia a me kona mau palena

ʻAʻohe ʻenehana kūpono; ʻO ka atomization wai wela kona mau palena kūpono a me nā pilikia e lanakila ai:

1. No nā metala ʻoi loa: No nā metala ikaika e like me ka titanium alloys, tantalum, a me ka niobium, he mea maʻalahi loa i ka oxidation, ke kiʻekiʻe nei ka pilikia o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana mai ka wai wai, e paʻakikī ai ka hana ʻana i ka pauka me ka ʻike o ka oxygen ultra-low (e laʻa, <200 ppm). ʻO kēia mau mea ke kahua o nā ʻenehana e like me ka inert gas atomization a i ʻole ka plasma rotating electrode process (PREP).

2. "Satelliting" Phenomenon: I ka wā o ka atomization, hiki i kekahi o nā pauka li'ili'i pa'a a i 'ole semi-solidified paha ke ho'opā i nā kulu nui a pili i ia mau mea, e hana 'ia ai "nā pōlele satellite," hiki ke ho'opilikia i ka hikiwawe o ka pauda a me ka laha. Pono e hoʻemi ʻia ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana.

3. Paʻakikī o ke kaʻina hana: ʻO ka hana paʻa ʻana i ka pauka kiʻekiʻe e pono ai ka mana pololei 协同 (xietong: 协同 coordination) ka mana o ka nui o nā ʻāpana e like me ka wela superheat metala, ke kaomi wai, ka kahe wai, ka hoʻolālā nozzle, a me ka hoʻokele lewa, e hōʻike ana i kahi pale ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.

4. Ka Ho'oma'ama'a Wai a me ka Lapa'au 'ana: Pono ka hana nui i ka wai ho'olu'u wai a me nā 'ōnaehana ho'oma'ema'e wai, e ho'ohui i ka pa'akikī i nā mea kōkua.

6. Ka Manaʻo Manaʻo: He Maikaʻi maoli kēlā?

ʻO ka pane: Ma kāna ʻoihana akamai, ʻae, "maikaʻi" maoli.

ʻAʻole manaʻo ka mīkini hana hoʻoheheʻe wai atomization kiʻekiʻe e hoʻololi i nā ʻenehana hana pauka ʻē aʻe. Akā, lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana ʻenehana e hoʻokō ai i kahi kaulike maikaʻi loa ma waena o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, e hālāwai nui ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke noi no nā pauka metala spherical ultra-fine.

Inā ʻo kāu pahuhopu mua ka hana ʻana i nā pauka maikaʻi loa mai nā mea e like me ke kila kila, ke kila mea hana, nā ʻāpana wela wela, nā ʻāpana kobalt-chromium, nā ʻāpana keleawe, no nā noi i ka paʻi 3D, MIM, thermal spraying, etc. He mea hiki ke hana i ka "mastering" ultra-fine metala pauda.

Eia nō naʻe, inā he titanium alloy kāu huahana a i ʻole nā ​​pauka metala ʻē aʻe e koi ana i ka mana o ka ʻike o ka oxygen no nā noi aerospace kiʻekiʻe, pono paha ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā koho ʻē aʻe e like me ka ʻenehana inert gas atomization a i ʻole nā ​​ʻenehana atomization plasma.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ka mīkini hana hoʻoheheʻe wai atomization wai kiʻekiʻe he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana pauka metallurgy hou. Hoʻohana ia i ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo e hoʻoponopono i ka kuʻuna 矛盾 (maodun: contradiction) ma waena o ka maikaʻi a me ke kumukūʻai, e lilo i ʻenekini ikaika ʻē aʻe e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe. I ke koho ʻana, e hoʻomaopopo pono i kāu waiwai waiwai, nā koi huahana, a me nā pono a me nā pōʻino o ka ʻenehana ke kī i ka hana ʻana i ka hoʻoholo naʻauao a me ka "master" maoli i ka hana ʻana i ka pauka metala maikaʻi loa.