Ingabe ufuna ukwenza kahle ukukhiqizwa kwe-ultrafine metal powder? Bheka ngapha.

Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza othuthukile wanamuhla, izimpushana zensimbi ezicokeme kakhulu seziphenduke izinto ezibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Izicelo zabo zinkulu futhi zibucayi, kusukela ekunyatheliseni kwensimbi ye-3D (ukukhiqiza okungeziwe) kanye nezimbobo ezishisayo zokuvimbela izinjini ze-aerospace kuya kunamathisela osiliva wezinto zikagesi kanye nezimpushana ze-titanium alloy zokufakelwa kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqiza izinga eliphezulu, i-oksijeni ephansi, i-spherical ultra-fine metal powder kuyinkinga yezobuchwepheshe eyinselele kakhulu. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokukhiqiza impushana, i-atomization yamanzi ensimbi enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ithola ukunakwa okukhulayo ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele. Kodwa ingabe ngempela "kuhle" njengoba amahemuhemu? Le ndatshana icubungula ezimisweni zayo, izinzuzo, izinselele, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ukuthola impendulo.

1. I-Ultra-Fine Metal Powder: "Itshe Lekhona Elingabonakali" Lemboni Yesimanje

Ngaphambi kokuhlola okokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-ultra-fine metal powder ibaluleke kangaka.

(1) Incazelo Namazinga:

Ngokuvamile, izimpushana zensimbi ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana eziphakathi kwe-micron eyi-1 kanye ne-100 microns zithathwa njengezimpushana ezinhle, kuyilapho lezo ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kwama-microns angu-20 (ngisho naphansi kuya ezingeni le-sub-micron) zibizwa ngokuthi "i-ultra-fine" noma "i-micro-fine" powders. Lezi zimpushana zinendawo enkulu kakhulu ethize, okuholela emiphumeleni engaphezulu, imiphumela kasayizi omncane, kanye nemiphumela ye-quantum engatholakali ezintweni eziyinqwaba.

(2) Izinkambu Zokusebenza Ezibalulekile:

I-Additive Manufacturing (Ukuphrinta kwe-3D): Lona umkhakha ofunwa kakhulu wezimpushana zensimbi ezinhle kakhulu. Amalaza noma imishayo yama-electron ancibilika ngokulandelana izendlalelo zempushana ukuze enze ngokunembile izingxenye ezinejometri eyinkimbinkimbi ye-aerospace, yezokwelapha (isb., amalunga enyonga, imiqhele yamazinyo), nezimboni zokukhunta. Ukugeleza kwempushana, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, kanye nokuzungeza kwayo kunquma ngokuqondile ukunemba nokusebenza kwengxenye ephrintiwe.

I-Metal Injection Molding (MIM): Impushana yensimbi ene-ultra-fine ixutshwa ne-binder futhi ijovwe esikhunjeni ukuze kwakheke umumo. Le "ngxenye eluhlaza" idlula ekuboshweni nasekufakweni kwensimbi ukuze ikhiqize izinto ezincane ezinevolumu ephezulu, ezinemba okuphezulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengamathreyi e-SIM ocingo, iziqhumane zezibhamu, namakesi wokubuka.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokufutha Okushisayo: Impushana ifakwa elangeni elishisa kakhulu noma emfudlaneni weplasma, inyibilikiswe, bese ifafazwa ngesivinini esikhulu endaweni engaphansi ukuze yakhe ukunamathela okungagugi, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye ne-oxidation. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-engine blades, amapayipi kawoyela, njll.

Ezinye Izinkambu: Futhi kufaka phakathi ama-conductive pastes embonini yezogesi, ama-catalysts embonini yamakhemikhali, nezinto ezisebenza ngamandla zomkhakha wezokuvikela.

Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu zibeka izidingo eziqinile kusayizi wezinhlayiyana zempushana yensimbi, ubuyindilinga, okuqukethwe komoyampilo, ukugeleza, kanye nokuminyana okubonakalayo.

2. Izinhlobonhlobo Zobuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza Impushana: Kungani I-Atomization Yamanzi Igqama?

Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokukhiqiza izimpushana zensimbi bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezibonakalayo (isib., i-atomization), izindlela zamakhemikhali (isb., ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali, ukunciphisa), nezindlela zemishini (isb, ukugaya ibhola). Phakathi kwazo, i-atomization iyindlela evamile ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo kokukhiqiza, izindleko ezilawulekayo uma kuqhathaniswa, kanye nokufaneleka kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.

I-atomization iphinde ihlukaniswe ibe yi-atomization yegesi kanye ne-atomization yamanzi ngokusekelwe endaweni esetshenzisiwe.

I-Gas Atomization: Isebenzisa igesi ye-inert ephezulu (isb, i-argon, i-nitrogen) ukuze ithinte umfudlana wensimbi encibilikisiwe, iyihlephule ibe amaconsi amahle aqina abe yimpushana. Izinzuzo zihlanganisa i-powder sphericity ephezulu nokulawula okuhle kokuqukethwe komoyampilo. Okubi izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zegesi eziphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, kanye nesivuno esiphansi sezimpushana ezinhle kakhulu.

I-Atomization Yamanzi: Isebenzisa amajethi amanzi anengcindezi ephezulu njengendlela yokuphuka. Ukwenziwa kwe-athomu yamanzi kwendabuko, ngenxa yezinga lokupholisa ngokushesha, kukhiqiza izimpushana ezingajwayelekile (ezithambile noma eziseduze-eyisiyingi) ezinokuqukethwe kwe-oksijini ephezulu, evame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho umumo ungabalulekile khona, njengensimbi nezinto zokushisela.

Ubuchwepheshe be-atomization yamanzi ensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu buyinto emisha esekelwe ku-atomization yamanzi yendabuko, ngobuhlakani ehlanganisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-atomization yamanzi nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-atomization yegesi.

3. Ukuqeda Umshini Wokukhiqiza Impuphu Yensimbi Yensimbi Esezingeni Eliphezulu: Usebenza Kanjani?

Ifilosofi eyinhloko yedizayini ye-atomizer yamanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu yile: ukwenza i-atomize amaconsi ensimbi ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uwavumele ukuthi ahlale eyindilinga ngaphambi kokuthi axhumane namanzi.

Ukuhamba kwayo kungafinyezwa ngalezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile:

(1) Ukuncibilika nokushisa okuphezulu: Insimbi noma ingxubevange yezinto zokusetshenziswa zincibilika esithandweni sokungenisa imvamisa emaphakathi ngaphansi kwevacuum noma umoya ovikelayo futhi zishiselwe ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwendawo yazo yokuncibilika (isimo "esishisa kakhulu", ngokuvamile esingu-200-400°C phezulu). Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu linciphisa kakhulu i-viscosity yensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye nokushuba kwendawo, okuyisidingo esiyinhloko sokwakheka okulandelayo okucolisekileyo kanye ne-spherical powder.

(2) Ukuthulula Okuqondisayo Nokuzinzile: Insimbi encibilikisiwe yenza umfudlana ozinzile ngombhobho womhlahlandlela ongezansi. Ukuzinza kwalokhu kusakaza kubalulekile ekusabalaliseni usayizi wezinhlayiyana zempushana ezifanayo.

(3) I-Atomization Yokucindezela Okuphezulu: Lona umnyombo wobuchwepheshe. Umfudlana wensimbi uthintwa ngokunembile kubhobho ye-atomization ngamajethi wamanzi amaningi (afika ku-100 MPa noma ngaphezulu) asuka kuma-engeli ahlukene. Umfutho wamanzi ophakeme kakhulu unikeza amajethi amandla amakhulu e-kinetic, akwaziyo 粉碎 (i-fensui: ukuchoboza) i-low-viscosity, i-low-surface-tension-tension-high-tension superheated stream ibe amaconsi amahle kakhulu.

(4) Indiza kanye ne-Spheroidization: Amaconsi amancane ensimbi echotshoziwe anesikhathi esanele phakathi nokundiza kwawo ukuya phansi kombhoshongo we-atomization ukuze ancibilike abe ama-sphere aphelele ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuxineka kwendawo. Okokusebenza kudala indawo ekahle ye-droplet spheroidization ngokulawula kahle umkhathi ngaphakathi kombhoshongo we-atomization (ngokuvamile ugcwala igesi elivikelayo njenge-nitrogen) kanye nebanga lendiza.

(5) Ukuqiniswa Okusheshayo Nokuqoqwa: Amaconsi ayindilinga aqina ngokushesha lapho ewela ethangini lokuqoqa elipholiswe ngamanzi elingezansi, enze impushana eyindilinga eqinile. Izinqubo ezilandelayo ezifana nokukhipha amanzi, ukomisa, ukuhlunga, nokuhlanganisa kuveza umkhiqizo wokugcina.

4. "Ukusetshenziswa" Kokwenza I-athomu Yamanzi Amazinga Okushisa Aphakeme: Ukuhlaziywa Okubanzi Kwezinzuzo

Kubhekwa "kuhle" ngoba ikhuluma ngamaphuzu amaningi obuhlungu ekukhiqizeni i-ultra-fine powder:

1. Isivuno Sempushana Enhle Kakhulu Ephakeme Kakhulu: Lena inzuzo yayo ebaluleke kakhulu. Inhlanganisela ye-ultra-high water pressure kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushisa ngokweqile kwensimbi kwandisa ngokuphawulekayo isivuno se-target ultra-fine powders ebangeni le-15-25μm kuya izikhathi eziningana kune-atomization yegesi yendabuko, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza iyunithi.

2. I-Powder Sphericity Enhle Kakhulu: Ukushisa Okuphezulu kunciphisa ukushuba kwesimo sensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi izinqubo ze-atomization ezenziwe kahle ziphumela ekubeni i-powder sphericity esondelene kakhulu naleyo yempushana eyenziwe ngegesi, ehlangabezana ngokugcwele nezimfuneko zokuphrinta kwe-3D ne-MIM.

3. Okuqukethwe Kooksijini Okuphansi Ngokulinganiselwe: Nakuba ukusebenzisa amanzi njengesisetshenziswa kwethula izingozi ze-oxidation, izinyathelo ezifana nomklamo we-nozzle olungiselelwe, ukugcwalisa igumbi le-atomization ngegesi evikelayo, nokwengeza ama-antioxidants afanelekile kungalawula ngempumelelo okuqukethwe komoyampilo kumazinga aphansi (kuma-alloys amaningi, ngaphansi kuka-500 ppm), ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza.

4. Inzuzo Ebalulekile Yezindleko Zokukhiqiza: Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-atomization yegesi kusetshenziswa amagesi angenayo abizayo, izindleko zamanzi cishe azinakwa. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezisetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza nakho ngokuvamile kuphansi kunemishini ye-athomu yegesi ephumayo efanayo, okunikeza ukuba nokwenzeka kwezomnotho kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezinkulu.

5. Ukuguquguquka Okubanzi Kwempahla: Ifanele ukukhiqiza izimpushana ezivela ku-iron-based, nickel-based, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt kuya kuma-alloys ethusi, ama-alloys e-aluminium, ama-alloys ethini, njll., okubonisa ukuguquguquka okunamandla.

5. Izithunzi Ngaphansi Kokugqama: Ukubuka Ngokunenhloso Izinselele Nemikhawulo Yayo

Abukho ubuchwepheshe obungenasici; i-atomization yamanzi ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu inemingcele yayo esebenzayo kanye nobunzima bokunqoba:

1. Ngezinsimbi Ezisebenza Kakhulu: Ezinsimbi ezisebenzayo njenge-titanium alloys, i-tantalum, ne-niobium, ethambekele kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-oxidation, ubungozi be-oxidation kusuka endaweni yamanzi ihlala iphezulu, okwenza kube nzima ukukhiqiza impushana enokuqukethwe komoyampilo okuphansi kakhulu (isb, <200 ppm). Lezi zinto okwamanje ziyisizinda sobuchwepheshe obufana ne-atomization yegesi engasebenzi noma inqubo ye-electrode ejikelezayo ye-plasma (PREP).

2. Umkhuba "we-Satelliting": Ngesikhathi se-atomization, ezinye izimpushana ezincane ezivele ziqinisiwe noma eziqinile zingase zibe nomthelela kumaconsi amakhudlwana futhi zinamathele kuwo, zenze "amabhola wesathelayithi," angathinta ukugeleza kwempushana nokusabalalisa. Idinga ukuncishiswa ngokulungiselela amapharamitha wenqubo.

3. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi Kokulawulwa Kwenqubo: Ukukhiqiza ngokuzinza kwempushana yekhwalithi ephezulu kudinga ukulawulwa okunembe 协同 (xietong:协同 coordination) kwenqwaba yamapharamitha afana nezinga lokushisa elishisa kakhulu lensimbi, umfutho wamanzi, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi, ukwakheka kombhobho, nokulawulwa komkhathi, omele umgoqo wobuchwepheshe ophezulu.

4. Ukugaywa Kabusha Kwamanzi Nokuhlanza: Ukukhiqiza okukhulu kudinga izinhlelo zokupholisa kabusha zokujikeleza kabusha kwamanzi ezisebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, okwengeza inkimbinkimbi ezinsizeni ezisizayo.

6. Isiphetho: Ingabe Kuhle Lokho Ngempela?

Impendulo ithi: Emkhakheni wayo wobuchwepheshe, yebo, empeleni "muhle."

Umshini wokukhiqiza amanzi we-atomization we-powder osezingeni eliphezulu wensimbi awuhlosile ukufaka esikhundleni sabo bonke obunye ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-powder. Esikhundleni salokho, isebenza njengesixazululo sobuchwepheshe esifinyelela ukulingana okuhle phakathi kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, ehlangabezana kakhulu nesidingo semakethe esikhulayo sezimpushana zensimbi eziyindilinga.

Uma umgomo wakho oyinhloko uwukukhiqiza izimpushana ezinhle kakhulu ezivela ezintweni ezifana nensimbi engagqwali, insimbi yamathuluzi, ama-alloy anethempelesha ephezulu, amaalloyi e-cobalt-chromium, ama-alloys ethusi, okusetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwe-3D, i-MIM, isifutho esishisayo, njll., futhi unezidingo eziphakeme zokulawula izindleko, inketho yamanzi okushisa aphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe be-computited obukhangayo buwubuchwepheshe obukhangayo be-atomization yamanzi. Kwenza "ukuphatha kahle" ukukhiqizwa kwempushana yensimbi enhle kakhulu kwenzeke.

Kodwa-ke, uma umkhiqizo wakho kuyingxubevange ye-titanium noma ezinye izimpushana zensimbi ezisebenzayo ezidinga ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe komoyampilo okuphezulu kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-aerospace yezinga eliphezulu, ungase udinge ukucabangela ezinye izinketho ezifana negesi engabizi kakhulu yokwenza i-atomization noma ubuchwepheshe be-atomization ye-plasma.

Kafushane, umshini wokukhiqiza umshini wokukhiqiza amanzi we-atomization we-atomization yamanzi wensimbi ephezulu yokushisa uyimpumelelo enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe besimanje be-powder metallurgy. Isebenzisa ukucabanga okusha ukuze kuxazulule i-maodun: ukuphikisana) yendabuko phakathi kwekhwalithi nezindleko, ibe enye injini enamandla eqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Lapho ukhetha, ukuqonda ngokugcwele izakhiwo zakho ezibonakalayo, izidingo zomkhiqizo, kanye nobuhle nobubi bobuchwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza isinqumo esihlakaniphe kakhulu kanye "nobungcweti" bokukhiqizwa kwempushana yensimbi ecwebe kakhulu.