Buku Lonse Lopangira Makina Odulira Zodzikongoletsera a Unyolo wa Daimondi

Kusintha maulalo achitsulo chamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ake osawoneka bwino kukhala owunikira kwambiri kumafuna uinjiniya wolondola komanso luso. Kudula miyala yamtengo wapatali ya diamondi kunkachitika ndi akatswiri ojambula pamanja, koma ndi zida zamakono, makampaniwa asintha kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwawonjezeka limodzi ndi kudalirika, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ma geometries ovuta omwe kale anali otheka kupezeka ndi manja okha pamikanda yagolide ndi siliva yoyera kwambiri.

Zipangizozi zimagwiritsa ntchito zida za diamondi zopangidwa ndi galasi limodzi kapena zopangidwa popanga zodzikongoletsera pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yopangira zodzikongoletsera. Chitsulocho chimapangidwa ndi mbali zolondola kwambiri munjira imeneyi. Zolumikizirazo zimapukutidwa mofanana kuti zigwire kuwala kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolumikizirazo ziwonekere mosinthasintha. Ndi kusinthaku kowoneka bwino, maunyolo okhala ndi mbali amakhala ndi mtengo waukulu pamsika, nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ndi 30% mpaka 50% kuposa mitundu yopukutidwa wamba. Zonsezi zimachitika mosavuta ndi makina amakono, omwe amatha kugwira ntchito molondola kwambiri pamalo ovuta ozungulira a zodzikongoletsera monga mikanda yopanda kanthu ndi maunyolo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zofewa pamakina n'kosavuta, koma pali njira zatsopano zopangira makina kuti zigwire bwino ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito liwiro lozungulira kwambiri, kufunika kwa magawo ena opukutira kumachotsedwa kwathunthu. Zimafunika kupeza mphamvu ya kutentha pamalo odulira kotero kuti m'mphepete mwa diamondi mudule zidutswa bwino musanang'ambe ductile. Nkhaniyi cholinga chake ndi kukupatsani chidziwitso chonse cha makina odulira diamondi a unyolo wodzikongoletsera s.

Ukadaulo Wapakati ndi Mfundo Zogwirira Ntchito

✔ Machitidwe Oyendetsera Zapamwamba ndi Mapangidwe a CNC

• Kulamulira kwa Ma Axis Ambiri:   Ndi kapangidwe kapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa makinawo, nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi ma axel olamulidwa mpaka 14 omwe amalola wogwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe kake.
• Maukonde a Fiber Optic:   Dongosololi limasunga malo olumikizirana pakati pa PLC ndi ma mota opanda maburashi. Limateteza chitetezo ku kusokonezedwa kwa ma electromagnetic (EMI) komwe kumapangidwa ndi ma induction furnaces apafupi.
• Kubwezeretsa Cholakwika cha Pitch:   Dongosolo la nthawi yeniyeni limayesa nthawi yolumikizirana pakati pa chakudya ndikusintha unyolo pamalo enaake oyezedwa. Limaonetsetsa kuti choduliracho chikugunda pakati penipeni pa unyolo uliwonse, ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa kuluka.
• Ma AC Servo Motors:   Kuwerengera mwachangu kumachitika kudzera mu ma absolute encoders pa ma synchronized AC servo motors. Amapereka ma torque-to-weight ratios apamwamba ofunikira kuti pakhale micron-level positioning. Makina owonera ophatikizika amagwiritsa ntchito ma telecentric lens ndi makamera apamwamba kwambiri kuti azitha kudzikonza okha kuti apeze zabwino zonse.

✔ Sayansi ya Kuduladula Kofulumira Kwambiri

Njira yogwirira ntchito ingagawidwe m'magawo ofotokozera momwe makina odulira miyala yamtengo wapatali amagwirira ntchito:

• Kukonzekera kwa Metallurgical (Kulimbitsa Ntchito):   Ntchitoyi imayamba pamene unyolo wa zodzikongoletsera umalimbikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina omangira usanayambe kupangidwa. Pamene chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chimayikidwa pansi pa chipangizocho, chimakhala chofewa kwambiri ndipo chimatha kuyenda pansi pa chipangizocho. Kumangirira kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma crystalline mkati mwa kapangidwe kake, kuonjezera mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ndikulola kuti mbali zake zikhale zosalala.
• Kukhazikitsa Ngodya: Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amadula ngodya zodulira, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 35° ndi 45° poyerekeza ndi malo ozungulira. Izi zimasonyeza komwe mbaliyo idzapita kuti ikwaniritse bwino lamulo lakale la kuwunikira.
• Kudula Mofulumira Kwambiri: Zida za diamondi zamafakitale zimazungulira pa 24,000–40,000 RPM. Kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kumawonjezeka pamlingo woopsa uwu, kusintha kusintha kwa pulasitiki kukhala "kudula pang'ono" kapena kumeta tsitsi komwe kumachitika pamalopo.
• Kukonza Mawonekedwe: Ogwiritsa ntchito amafika pomaliza ngati galasi kuchokera pa chidacho. Mphamvu ya kutentha kwambiri yomwe imapezeka pamalo odulira imalola m'mphepete mwa diamondi kudula tchipisi bwino asanayambe kung'ambika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kufunikira kopukuta kwina.

Chodula chilichonse chimatsatira dongosolo linalake. Ponena za izi, zitsulo zagolide za 14K, zomwe zili ndi golide wa 58.3%, nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa chifukwa zitsulo zotsalazo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga m'mphepete mwa mbali kwa nthawi yayitali. Njira yolimbitsira ntchito imeneyi imapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zosavuta kudula. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zodzikongoletserazo zimatha kupirira kukanda pang'ono pamwamba komwe kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kugawa Makina Odulira

◆ Makina a CNC Okhala ndi Ma Axis Ambiri

Opanga zodzikongoletsera ali ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zodzipangira okha. Zimasankha ngati akufunikira makina a CNC okhala ndi mzere umodzi kapena wozungulira wambiri. Makina a mafakitale awa amayendetsa ntchito yonse kuyambira pakudyetsa reel-to-reel mpaka pakukonza mapangidwe okhala ndi ngodya zambiri. Mapangidwe apamwamba amathandizira makonzedwe a spindle awiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbali zonse ziwiri za unyolo zigwire ntchito nthawi imodzi kuti ziwonjezere kupanga.

Makina a CNC okhala ndi ma axis ambiri ndi omwe amasankhidwa bwino kwambiri pochita ziwerengero zovuta zotsatizana, monga nyenyezi 12-point, agulugufe, ndi ma double cross. Amatha kugwira ntchito pa liwiro lodulira mzere mpaka 1900 m/min popanda kuthandizidwa ndi munthu. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusunga ma parameter sets opitilira 100, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mtundu wazinthu usinthe mwachangu mkati mwa mphindi zosakwana 10. Mafelemu olimba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri opangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, amayamwa kugwedezeka ndikusunga kulekerera kwathunthu kwa makina a ±0.01 mm.

◆ Ukadaulo wa Cryogenic Ice Lathe

Pofuna kudula maunyolo osalala kwambiri kapena opanda kanthu omwe angaphwanyidwe ndi ma clamp amakina, makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito ma lathe a ayezi. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira ngati njira yokhazikika komanso yosakhalitsa. Kuzungulira komwe kumachitika zokha kumaphatikizapo kukulunga unyolo pa ng'oma yokhala ndi zipinda ziwiri ndikuupopera ndi madzi omwe amaundana mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Matrix a ayezi amapereka chithandizo chofanana cha makina a 360°, kuteteza kupotoka kwa unyolo kapena kugwedezeka panthawi yodula mwachangu.

Zida zotsatizana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: chida cha Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) chimachotsa ayezi wakunja, kenako chida cha Natural Diamond (ND) chomwe chimaphimba chitsulocho. Ayeziyo amagwira ntchito ngati "choziziritsira cha kusintha kwa gawo la nsembe," chomwe chimayamwa kutentha koopsa kuti chiteteze chitsulocho ku kutentha komanso kupewa kunyezimira kwa zida za diamondi.

◆ Kukonza Mpira ndi Unyolo Wapadera

Makina ena amapangidwa makamaka kuti apange mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri pamalo ozungulira. Maunyolo a mpira wozungulira amafunika kusamalidwa mwapadera chifukwa mipiringidzo yopanda kanthu, yokhala ndi makoma owonda imatha kugwa mosavuta. Makina apadera amagwiritsa ntchito ma collet ozungulira ndi ma spindle odziyimira pawokha awiri kuti ateteze ndi kuyika mikanda yozungulira, ya azitona, kapena ya nsungwi.

Makinawa amatha kukonza mikanda kuyambira Ø 2 mm mpaka 8 mm pamlingo wa zidutswa 500 mpaka 700 pa ola limodzi. Amalola kujambula modzidzimutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera pomwe akutsimikizira kuti pali kufanana kwabwino kwambiri pamwamba pa mkanda. Ngakhale kuti unyolowo udakalipo m'makina ena apamwamba a VRT, mutu wodula umazungulira chinthucho kuti upereke kudula kokhazikika komanso mawonekedwe abwino a pamwamba pa magawo ozungulira.

Zida ndi Zida Zofunikira

Ubwino Wogwira Ntchito ndi Kusamalira

♦ Kuwongolera Zachilengedwe ndi Kubwezeretsa Golide

Popeza chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chimawononga ndalama zambiri pa ntchito, kusankha zida zoyenera kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zipinda zodulira zotsekedwa bwino kuti zisunge zinyalala pafupifupi zonse. Zipangizo zotulutsira mpweya zothamanga kwambiri zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji kumalo odulira kuti zibwezeretse fumbi lachitsulo lowuluka mumlengalenga ndi zodulidwa zazing'ono.

Mukagwira ntchito yosasiya, chinyezi chiyenera kusungidwa bwino pa 40% mpaka 50% kuti tipewe dzimbiri pamwamba pa mizere yolunjika ndi ma slider a makina. Kutentha kwa malo kuyenera kukhazikika kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa kutentha kwa chimango cha makina, zomwe zingasokoneze kubwerezabwereza kwa micrometric. Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusunga mitsinje yoyeretsera yolekanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa alloy kuti awonjezere phindu lobweza kuchokera ku kubwezeretsa kwa mankhwala.

♦ Kusamalira Zoteteza za Spindles za High-RPM

Kuti ma spindle othamanga kwambiri opitilira 25,000 RPM agwire ntchito bwino, nthawi yosamalira nthawi zonse ndi yofunika. Pakani mafuta otsika kwambiri maola 40 mpaka 50 aliwonse ogwira ntchito. Ma spindle a CNC amazizira ndi madzi ndipo amafunika kuyenda nthawi zonse koziziritsira. Kusintha pang'ono kwa kutentha kumatha kusintha malo a zida ndi ma microns angapo.

Sinthani zosefera zamadzi ndi madzi zomwe sizinayikidwe mu makina oziziritsira miyezi 6 mpaka 12 iliyonse kuti mukhale ndi kutentha koyenera. Magiya oyesera ayenera kutsukidwa ndi burashi yofewa kuti mupewe kusonkhanitsa kwa dothi, zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika pakuyika. Pomaliza, kuti mupewe kuya kosafanana kwa mbali panthawi yosintha zida zokha, onetsetsani kuti zitsulo zonse za diamondi zidapangidwa ndi CNC mpaka kulekerera kwathunthu kwa ±0.01 mm.

Mapeto

Makina odulira miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi apamwamba kwambiri pa ntchito zamakono zopangira golide chifukwa amaphatikiza fizikisi ya makina othamanga kwambiri ndi luso lachikhalidwe la opanga golide. Opanga tsopano amatha kupeza milingo yowala komanso yovuta yomwe kale inali yosatheka. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito makina amakono a CNC, cryogenic clamping, ndi zida za diamondi zoyera kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti makinawa akhale olimba kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuti apezenso golide wamtengo wapatali kuti azitha kusungidwa ndi njira zowongolera zachilengedwe komanso kuyang'anira kutentha moyenera.

Ngati mukufuna katswiri makina opangira zodzikongoletsera mayankho omwe amafanana ndi miyezo yapamwamba iyi yolondola komanso yogwira ntchito bwino, Hasung   imapereka makina osiyanasiyana. Kuti mudziwe zojambula bwino kwambiri za mkanda, onani Makina Odulira Unyolo wa Dayamondi a Hasung-R2000 Othamanga Kwambiri Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kwambiri, onani Hasung Jewelry Eight-Sides Diamond Cutting Machine. Zida zotsogola izi zimapatsa chokongoletsera chilichonse chapadera komanso mawonekedwe ake apamwamba.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Q: Kodi ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito makina a CNC okhala ndi axis yambiri pakupanga kwakukulu ndi wotani?

Amagwiritsa ntchito makina onse ogwirira ntchito, amathandizira makonzedwe a spindle awiri kuti apitirire kawiri, komanso amasunga kulekerera kwathunthu kwa machining kwa ± 0.01 mm.

Q: Kodi kung'ambika kwa zitsulo zofewa kungapewedwe bwanji panthawi yodula?

Zimafunika kugwira ntchito pa liwiro lozungulira kwambiri (24,000 mpaka 40,000 RPM) kuti zisinthe mphamvu ya makina kuchoka pa kusintha kwa pulasitiki kupita ku kumeta tsitsi komwe kumachitika pamalo enaake, kapena "kudula pang'ono."

Q: Kodi ntchito ya ma lathes a ayezi podula unyolo wa zodzikongoletsera ndi yotani?

Amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira ngati cholumikizira chakanthawi komanso cholimba kuti apereke chithandizo chofanana cha makina cha 360° pa unyolo wopyapyala kwambiri kapena wopanda kanthu, kuteteza kupotoka kapena kugwedezeka kwa unyolo.