Kodi mungakwaniritse bwanji golide ndi siliva ingot casting?

M'makampani amakono azitsulo zamtengo wapatali, golide ndi siliva ingots, monga mtundu wofunikira wa mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira ndalama, kupanga zodzikongoletsera, ndi zina. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo, njira zachikhalidwe zoponyera golide ndi siliva pang'onopang'ono zimalephera kukwaniritsa zomwe zikukula komanso miyezo yapamwamba.

Kuzindikira makina opangira golide ndi siliva sikungangopangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yabwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuwongolera bwino kukhazikika komanso kusasinthika kwazinthu. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'ana ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wagolide ndi siliva wasanduka chizolowezi chosapeŵeka pakukula kwamakampani.

1. Zochepa za njira zachikhalidwe zoponyera golide ndi siliva

Kuponyedwa kwagolide ndi siliva wachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri kumadalira ntchito yamanja, kuyambira pakusungunuka ndi kuponyedwa kwa golide ndi siliva zopangira zopangira mpaka kukonzanso kotsatira, ulalo uliwonse umafunikira kukhudzidwa kwamunthu. Mu siteji ya smelting, kulondola kwa kutentha kwamanja ndi kulamulira nthawi kumakhala kochepa, zomwe zingapangitse khalidwe losakhazikika la madzi a golide ndi siliva, zomwe zimakhudza chiyero ndi mtundu wa ingot yomaliza.

Panthawi yoponyera, zimakhala zovuta kutsimikizira kufanana kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka madzi pothira madzi a golide ndi siliva pamanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke bwino komanso kutsika kwa ingot. Komanso, kupanga bwino kwa ntchito yamanja kumakhala kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa kupanga kwakukulu komanso kosalekeza, ndipo mtengo wa ntchito ndi wokwera kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwira ntchito pamanja kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu monga luso la ogwira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zili bwino.

2. Ukadaulo wofunikira pakuyika golide ndi siliva wokhawokha

(1) Ukadaulo Wowongolera Makina

Ukadaulo wodzilamulira wokha ndiye maziko opezera golide ndi siliva ingot casting. Njira yonse yoponyera imatha kuwongoleredwa bwino kudzera pa pulogalamu yoyang'anira (PLC) kapena makina owongolera makompyuta. Kuyambira kudyetsa zopangira zopangira, kuwongolera bwino kutentha ndi nthawi yosungunuka, kutulutsa kwamadzi, kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe, ndi kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa nkhungu, zonse zitha kuchitidwa molingana ndi mapulogalamu omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yosungunuka, dongosololi limatha kulamulira molondola mphamvu yotentha ndi nthawi yochokera kuzinthu zopangira golidi ndi siliva komanso zofunikira zamtundu wa ingot, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi a golidi ndi siliva afika pamalo abwino osungunuka. Panthawi yoponyera, kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi yeniyeni ya magawo oponyera kungatheke kupyolera mu masensa ndi mayankho angaperekedwe ku kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kuti asinthe mofulumira kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga, kuonetsetsa kuti ingot ikhale yokhazikika.

(2) Mapangidwe apamwamba a nkhungu ndi kupanga

Zoumba zolondola kwambiri ndizofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kulondola kwazithunzi komanso mtundu wa pamwamba wa golide ndi siliva. Pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapamwamba yopangira nkhungu ndikuyiphatikiza ndi ukadaulo wowongolera bwino, ndizotheka kupanga zisankho zomwe zimakwaniritsa mawonekedwe ovuta komanso zofunikira kwambiri. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu za nkhungu ndikofunikanso, kumafuna kukana kutentha kwapamwamba, kukana kuvala, ndi matenthedwe matenthedwe kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe ndi kusalala kwa pamwamba pakugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za alloy kupanga nkhungu kumatha kusintha moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu ndikuchepetsa zovuta zamtundu wazinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi nkhungu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwe a nkhungu ayenera kuthandizira kudzaza ndi kuziziritsa kwa madzi a golidi ndi siliva, kulimbikitsa kuumba mofulumira komanso kusintha kwabwino kwa ingot.

(3) Kuzindikira mwanzeru komanso luso lowunika luso

Kuwonetsetsa kuti ingot iliyonse yagolide ndi siliva ikukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba, kuzindikira mwanzeru komanso ukadaulo wowunika bwino ndizofunikira kwambiri. Panthawi yoponya, masensa osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika zenizeni zenizeni monga kutentha, kapangidwe, ndi kuponyera kwamadzi agolide ndi siliva. Kukachitika zachilendo, dongosolo nthawi yomweyo limatulutsa alamu ndikuzisintha zokha. Ingot ikapangidwa, mawonekedwe ake amawunikiridwa kudzera munjira yoyang'anira mawonekedwe, kuphatikiza kulondola kwazithunzi, kukhazikika kwapamwamba, kukhalapo kwa zolakwika monga pores ndi ming'alu. Kuonjezera apo, njira monga kufufuza kwa X-ray zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zizindikire khalidwe lamkati la ingot, kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawo alibe vuto lamkati. Pazinthu zomwe zapezeka kuti sizikugwirizana, makinawo amawazindikiritsa okha ndikuwayika kuti akonzenso.

3. Zigawo zapakati ndi kayendedwe ka makina opangira ingot

(1) Zigawo zazikulu za makina opangira ingot okha

① Dongosolo lotumizira zinthu zopangira: lomwe limayang'anira kutumiza zopangira golide ndi siliva kung'anjo yosungunuka. Dongosololi limaphatikizapo bin yosungiramo zinthu zopangira, chipangizo choyezera, ndi chipangizo chotumizira. Chipangizo choyezera chimatha kuyeza bwino zinthuzo molingana ndi kulemera kwake, ndiyeno chipangizo chonyamuliracho chimatha kunyamula bwino zinthuzo kupita nazo ku ng’anjo yosungunula, kukwaniritsa kudyetsa bwino zinthuzo.

② Dongosolo losungunuka: lopangidwa ndi ng'anjo yosungunuka, chipangizo chotenthetsera, ndi dongosolo lowongolera kutentha. Ng'anjo yosungunula imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wotenthetsera, monga kutentha kwa induction, komwe kumatha kutenthetsa mwachangu zinthu zagolide ndi siliva pamwamba pa malo osungunuka, kuzisungunula kukhala madzi. Dongosolo lowongolera kutentha limayang'anira kutentha mkati mwa ng'anjo mu nthawi yeniyeni kudzera m'masensa apamwamba kwambiri a kutentha ndikuwongolera bwino mphamvu yotentha kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutentha kwa madzi a golide ndi siliva kumakhalabe kokhazikika mkati mwazoyenera.

③ Makina oponya: kuphatikiza mphuno yoponyera, chipangizo chowongolera mafunde, ndi nkhungu. Mphuno yoponyera imapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera kuti atsimikizire kuti madzi a golidi ndi siliva amatha kuyenda mofanana ndi bwino mu nkhungu. The otaya ulamuliro chipangizo akhoza molondola kulamulira kuponya otaya mlingo ndi liwiro la golide ndi siliva madzi malinga ndi kukula kwa nkhungu ndi zofunika kulemera kwa ingot. Chikombolecho chimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zamtengo wapatali ndipo chimakhala ndi malo otsetsereka kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwapamwamba komanso khalidwe lapamwamba la ingot.

⑤ Dongosolo lozizira: Ingot ikapangidwa, makina oziziritsa amazizira msanga nkhungu, ndikufulumizitsa kulimba kwa ingot ya golide ndi siliva. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira ziwiri zoziziritsira: kuziziritsa madzi ndi kuziziritsa mpweya, zomwe zimatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zenizeni zopanga. Dongosolo loziziritsa lili ndi masensa a kutentha kuti ayang'ane kutentha kwa nkhungu ndi ingot mu nthawi yeniyeni, kuonetsetsa kuti yunifolomu ndi yokhazikika yoziziritsa ndikupewa zolakwika monga ming'alu ya ingot chifukwa cha kuzizira kosayenera.

⑥ Dongosolo lakugwetsa ndi kukonzanso pambuyo: Ingot ikazizira ndikukhazikika, makina ogwetsera amangotulutsa ingot mu nkhungu. Dongosolo la post-processing limapanga ndondomeko yotsatila pa ingot, monga kupukuta pamwamba, kupukuta, kuyika chizindikiro, etc., kuti akwaniritse miyezo yomaliza ya khalidwe la mankhwala.

(2) Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kayendedwe ka ntchito

① Kukonzekera ndi kuyika zinthu zopangira: Zopangira zagolide ndi siliva zimasungidwa mu bin yosungiramo zinthu monga momwe zimakhalira. Njira yotumizira zinthu zopangira imayeza molondola kulemera kofunikira kwa zopangirazo kudzera mu chipangizo choyezera molingana ndi pulogalamu yokhazikitsidwa kale, ndiyeno chipangizocho chimanyamula zidazo kupita nazo kung'anjo yosungunuka.

② Njira yosungunula: Ng'anjo yosungunuka imayambitsa chipangizo chotenthetsera kuti chitenthe msanga golide ndi siliva zopangira kuti zisungunuke. Dongosolo lowongolera kutentha limayang'anira ndikusintha kutentha mkati mwa ng'anjoyo mu nthawi yeniyeni kuti zitsimikizire kuti madzi a golide ndi siliva amafika pa kutentha koyenera kusungunuka ndikukhalabe okhazikika.

③ Kuponyera ntchito: Pamene madzi a golide ndi siliva afika pamene akuponyedwa, chipangizo choyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zalweni kapabukhu kapanganikhungwangwangwangwa kusungwabukhunyu sikumeyingaliro wa Chipangano Chatsopano Cholembedwa m'Chicheŵa Chamakono Chimayimba Chidziwitso Chachikulu Chachikulu Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chimayendetsa molondola kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi agolide ndi siliva akuyenda mu nkhungu kudzera mumphuno yoponyera molingana ndi magawo omwe adayikidwa. Panthawi yoponyera, dongosololi limayang'anira mosalekeza magawo oponyera kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika ndi kulondola kwa kuponyera.

④Kuziziritsa ndi kulimbitsa: Kuponyera kukamalizidwa, makina ozizirira amayatsidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti aziziziritsa nkhungu. Powongolera kuzizira, madzi a golidi ndi siliva amakhazikika mofanana mu nkhungu, kupanga golide wathunthu ndi siliva ingot.

⑤Kuboola ndi kukonzanso pambuyo: Ingot ikazizira ndikukhazikika, makina obowola amangokankhira golide ndi siliva mu nkhungu. Pambuyo pake, makina opangira pambuyo pake amagaya ndikupukuta pamwamba pa golide ndi siliva ingot kuti ikhale yosalala komanso yonyezimira. Kenako, ingot ya golidi ndi siliva imayikidwa ndi chidziwitso monga kulemera, kuyera, ndi tsiku lopangidwa kudzera pa chipangizo cholembera, ndikumaliza kutulutsa kokwanira kwa ingot yagolide ndi siliva.

4. Ubwino wa golide ndi siliva ingot kuponya basi

(1) Kusintha kwakukulu pakupanga bwino

Poyerekeza ndi kuponyera kwapamanja kwachikhalidwe, makina oponyera a ingot okhazikika amatha kukwaniritsa kupanga kosalekeza kwa maola 24, mwachangu komanso mokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, makina opangira makina apamwamba kwambiri amatha kupanga ma ingot ambiri kapena mazana a golide ndi siliva pa ola, pomwe kutulutsa kwapamanja kwa ola limodzi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Njira yopangira zokha imachepetsa kutayika kwa nthawi kwa ntchito zamanja, imathandizira kwambiri kupanga bwino, ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zakupanga kwakukulu.

(2) Khalidwe lokhazikika komanso lodalirika lazinthu

Pakuponyera kwathunthu, magawo osiyanasiyana amayendetsedwa ndendende ndi dongosolo, kupewa zolakwika ndi kusatsimikizika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito zamanja. Kuchokera pakulinganiza koyenera kwa zida zopangira mpaka kuwongolera kokhazikika kwa kutentha kosungunuka ndi kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa, komanso kusintha koyenera kwa liwiro lozizira, zimatsimikizira kuti mtundu wa ingot iliyonse ya golide ndi siliva ndi yofanana kwambiri. Kulondola kwa dimensional, flat flatness, ndi khalidwe lamkati la mankhwala akhoza kutsimikiziridwa mogwira mtima, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha chilema ndikuwongolera mlingo wonse wa mankhwala.

(3) Kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira

Ngakhale mtengo woyambira wopangira makina opangira ingot ndiokwera kwambiri, utha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira pakapita nthawi. Kumbali imodzi, kupanga makina kumachepetsa kudalira kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamanja ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito; Kumbali ina, kupanga bwino komanso kukhazikika kwazinthu kumachepetsa kuwononga zinthu komanso kupanga zinthu zolakwika, ndikuchepetsanso ndalama zopangira. Kuonjezera apo, mtengo wokonza zipangizo zopangira makina ndi otsika kwambiri, ndipo moyo wake wautumiki ndi wautali, choncho zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri zikaganiziridwa mozama.

5. Mapeto

Kuzindikira makina opangira golide ndi siliva ndi gawo lofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo komanso kuchita bwino pamakampani opanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera makina, mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a nkhungu ndiukadaulo wopanga, komanso ukadaulo wozindikira komanso ukadaulo wowunikira bwino, kuphatikizidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino a makina oponyera a ingot, zolephera za njira zoponyera zachikhalidwe zitha kugonjetsedwera bwino, zomwe zimatsogolera kudumpha kwaukadaulo wopanga, kuwongolera kwamtundu wazinthu, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, ukadaulo wopangira golide ndi siliva wodziwikiratu udzapitilira kukhathamiritsa ndikuwongoleredwa, ndikulowetsa chiwongolero champhamvu pakukula kwamakampani opanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndikulimbikitsa makampani kuti apite kumtunda wapamwamba.