Ungayithola kanjani i-ingot yegolide ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele nesiliva?

Embonini yesimanje yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu, ingots yegolide nesiliva, njengendlela ebalulekile yomkhiqizo, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izimali, ukukhiqiza ubucwebe, neminye imikhakha. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuphonsa zegolide nesiliva zendabuko azikwazi kancane kancane ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokukhiqiza kanye namazinga ekhwalithi.

Ukubona ingot yegolide ezenzakalelayo nesiliva akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ngempumelelo ukuzinza nokuvumelana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza ingot yegolide nesiliva okuzenzakalelayo sekuphenduke inkambiso engagwemeki ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha.

1. Imikhawulo yezindlela zokuphonsa zegolide nesiliva zendabuko

Ukulingisa ingot yegolide yendabuko nesiliva ngokuvamile kuncike ekusebenzeni okwenziwa ngesandla, kusukela ekuncibilikeni nasekubunjweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva kuya ekucutshungulweni okulandelayo, isixhumanisi ngasinye sidinga ukubandakanyeka komuntu eduze. Esigabeni sokuncibilikisa, ukunemba kokushisa okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokulawula isikhathi kunqunyelwe, okungaholela kalula kukhwalithi engazinzile yoketshezi lwegolide nesiliva, okuthinta ukuhlanzeka nombala we-ingot yokugcina.

Phakathi nenqubo yokulingisa, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwezinga lokugeleza kanye nezinga lokugeleza ngokuthela mathupha uketshezi lwegolide nesiliva, okuholela ekunembeni okungalungile kwe-dimensional kanye nokucaba kwendawo ye-ingot. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kokusebenza kwezandla kuphansi, okwenza kube nzima ukufeza ukukhiqizwa okukhulu nokuqhubekayo, futhi izindleko zabasebenzi ziphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza ngezandla kuthonywa kakhulu izici ezifana nekhono lomsebenzi nesimo somsebenzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

2. Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokusakaza ingot yegolide nesiliva okuzenzakalelayo

(1) I-Automation Control Technology

Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo buwumongo wokuzuza ukusakaza okuzenzakalelayo kwegolide nesiliva. Yonke inqubo yokusakaza ingalawulwa ngokunembile ngesilawuli se-programmable logic (PLC) noma isistimu yokulawula ikhompuyutha yezimboni. Kusukela ekuphakeleni okuzenzakalelayo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa elincibilikayo nesikhathi, kuya kusilinganiso sokugeleza kokukhipha, izinga lokugeleza, nokuvulwa nokuvala isikhunta, konke kungenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokwezinhlelo ezisethiwe. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, isistimu ingakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile amandla okushisa nesikhathi ngokusekelwe ezicini zezinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ye-ingot eqondiwe, iqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi lwegolide nesiliva lufinyelela esimweni esifanele sokuncibilika. Phakathi nenqubo yokusakaza, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela semingcele yokusakaza kungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa izinzwa futhi impendulo inganikezwa ohlelweni lokulawula ukuze ulungise ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini sokusakaza kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ezinzile ye-ingot.

(2) Ukwakhiwa kwesikhunta okunembe kakhulu nokukhiqiza

Isikhunta esinembayo esiphezulu sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba kwe-dimensional kanye nekhwalithi engaphezulu yezingothi zegolide nesiliva. Ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yokuklama isikhunta ethuthukisiwe futhi uyihlanganise nobuchwepheshe bemishini obunembayo, kungenzeka ukwenza isikhunta esihlangabezana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokubumba nakho kubalulekile, kudinga ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu okuhle, ukumelana nokugqokwa, kanye ne-thermal conductivity ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional kanye nokushelela kwendawo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ze-alloy ukwenza isikhunta kungathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo impilo yesevisi yesikhunta futhi kunciphise izinkinga zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezibangelwa ukugqoka isikhunta. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sesikhunta kufanele kube lula ukugcwaliswa nokupholisa uketshezi lwegolide nesiliva, ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa okusheshayo nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ye-ingot.

(3) Ukutholwa okuhlakaniphile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha ikhwalithi

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingot yegolide nesiliva ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu, ukutholwa okuhlakaniphile nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha ikhwalithi kubalulekile. Phakathi nenqubo yokusakaza, izinzwa ezihlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha amapharamitha esikhathi sangempela njengezinga lokushisa, ukwakheka, nokucindezela kokuphonsa koketshezi lwegolide nesiliva. Uma kwenzeka okungavamile, isistimu ngokushesha ikhipha i-alamu futhi izilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwe-ingot, ukubonakala kwayo kuhlolwa ngesistimu yokuhlola okubukwayo, okuhlanganisa ukunemba kwe-dimensional, flatness surface, ukuba khona kwamaphutha njengama-pores kanye nemifantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu afana nokuhlola i-X-ray angasetshenziswa ukuthola ikhwalithi yangaphakathi ye-ingot, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo awunawo amaphutha angaphakathi. Ngemikhiqizo etholiwe engahambisani, isistimu ikhomba ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi iyihlukanisele ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo.

3. Izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi komshini wokulingisa ingot ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele

(1) Izingxenye eziyinhloko zomshini wokulingisa ingot ozishintshayo ngokugcwele

① Isistimu yokudlulisa impahla eluhlaza: inesibopho sokudlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva esithandweni esincibilikayo. Uhlelo ngokuvamile luhlanganisa umgqomo wokugcina wezinto ezingavuthiwe, idivayisi yokulinganisa, nedivayisi yokudlulisa. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lingakwazi ukukala ngokunembile isisindo sezinto ezingavuthiwe ngokwesisindo esisethiwe, bese umshini owudluliselayo ukwazi ukuthutha ngokushelela izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyise esithandweni esincibilikayo, kuzuzwe ukuphakelwa okunembile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

② Uhlelo lokuncibilika: lwakhiwe yisithando somlilo esincibilikayo, idivayisi yokushisisa, kanye nesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa. Isithando somlilo esincibilikisayo sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisisa obuthuthukisiwe, obufana nokufudumala kwe-induction, okungashisisa ngokushesha izinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva ngaphezu kwendawo yokuncibilika, kuzincibilikise zibe uketshezi. Isistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa iqapha izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo ngesikhathi sangempela ngezinzwa zokushisa ezinemba okuphezulu futhi ilungise ngokunembile amandla okushisa ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi izinga lokushisa loketshezi olusagolide nolwesiliva lihlala lizinzile phakathi kwebanga elifanele.

③ Isistimu yokusakaza: kufaka phakathi umlomo wombhobho, idivayisi yokulawula ukugeleza, kanye nesikhunta. I-nozzle yokuphonsa iklanyelwe ngesimo esikhethekile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi lwegolide nesiliva lungageleza ngokulinganayo nangokushelela ekubunjweni. Idivayisi yokulawula ukugeleza ingalawula ngokunembile izinga lokugeleza kanye nesivinini soketshezi lwegolide nesiliva ngokuya ngosayizi wesikhunta kanye nezidingo zesisindo se-ingot. Isikhunta senziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi sinembobo yokunemba okuphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwe-dimensional kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-ingot.

⑤ Uhlelo lokupholisa: Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwe-ingot, isistimu yokupholisa ipholisa ngokushesha isikhunta, isheshisa ukuqinisa ingot yegolide nesiliva. Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokupholisa: ukupholisa amanzi kanye nokupholisa umoya, okungakhethwa ngokwezidingo zangempela zokukhiqiza. Isistimu yokupholisa ifakwe izinzwa zokushisa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kanye ne-ingot ngesikhathi sangempela, iqinisekisa inqubo yokupholisa efanayo kanye nezinzile futhi igweme amaphutha afana nokuqhekeka ku-ingot okubangelwa ukupholisa okungalungile.

⑥ Isistimu yokubhidliza neyokucubungula: Ngemva kokuthi i-ingot ipholile futhi iqina, isistimu yokudiliza ikhulula ngokuzenzakalelayo i-ingot ekubunjeni. Uhlelo lwangemva kokucubungula lenza uchungechunge lokucutshungulwa okulandelayo ku-ingot, njengokugaya indawo engaphezulu, ukupholisha, ukumaka, njll., ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga wokugcina wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

(2) Incazelo enemininingwane yokuhamba komsebenzi

① Ukulungiswa nokulayishwa kwempahla eluhlaza: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva zigcinwa kubhini wokugcina wezinto ezingavuthiwe ngokuya ngokucaciswa okuthile. Isistimu yokudlulisa impahla eluhlaza ikala ngokunembile isisindo esidingekayo sempahla yokusetshenziswa ngomshini wokulinganisa ngokohlelo olusethiwe ngaphambili, bese idivayisi edlulisayo ihambisa izinto zokusetshenziswa iziyise esithandweni somlilo.

② Inqubo yokuncibilika: Isithando somlilo siqala isisetshenziswa sokushisisa ukushisisa ngokushesha izinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva zibe sesimweni esincibilikisiwe. Isistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa iqapha futhi ilungise izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uketshezi lwegolide nesiliva lufinyelela izinga lokushisa elifanele lokuncibilika futhi luhlala luzinzile.

③ Ukusebenza kokusakaza: Lapho uketshezi lwegolide nesiliva lufinyelela ezimeni zokuphonsa, idivayisi yokulawula ukugeleza yesistimu yokuphonsa ilawula ngokunembile isivinini kanye nezinga lokugeleza koketshezi lwegolide nesiliva olugeleza esikhunjini ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho ngokuya ngemingcele emisiwe. Phakathi nenqubo yokulingisa, isistimu ihlale iqapha imingcele yokusakaza ukuze iqinisekise ukuzinza nokunemba kokulingisa.

④Ukupholisa nokuqiniswa: Ngemva kokupholisa ukupholisa, isistimu yokupholisa iqaliswa ngokushesha ukuze ipholise ngokushesha isikhunta. Ngokulawula izinga lokupholisa, uketshezi lwegolide nesiliva luqiniswa ngokufanayo esikhunjeni, lwakha ingot yegolide nesiliva ephelele.

⑤Ukubhidliza kanye nokucubungula ngemuva: Ngemuva kokuthi i-ingot ipholile futhi iqina, isistimu yokudiliza iphusha ngokuzenzakalelayo ingot yegolide nesiliva ngaphandle kwesikhunta. Ngokulandelayo, isistimu yangemva kokucubungula igaya futhi ipholishe ingaphezulu legolide nesiliva ingot ukuze ibushelelezi futhi icwebezele. Bese, ingothi yegolide nesiliva imakwa ngolwazi olufana nesisindo, ubumsulwa, kanye nedethi yokukhiqiza ngomshini wokumaka, okuqedela inqubo yokulingisa ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele yegolide nesiliva.

4. Izinzuzo zokulingisa ingot yegolide ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele

(1) Ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusakazwa kwe-manual okuvamile, umshini wokukhipha ingot ozenzakalelayo ngokugcwele ungafinyelela ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwamahora angu-24, ngesivinini sokukhiqiza esisheshayo nesizinzile. Isibonelo, umshini wokulingisa we-ingot ozenzakalelayo othuthukisiwe ngokugcwele ungakhiqiza inqwaba noma amakhulu ezingothi zegolide nezesiliva ngehora, kuyilapho okukhiphayo ngehora kokulingisa okwenziwa ngesandla kunomkhawulo kakhulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo inciphisa ukulahleka kwesikhathi kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngesandla, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphelele, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza okukhulu.

(2) Izinga lomkhiqizo elizinzile nelithembekile

Enqubweni yokusakaza ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele, imingcele ehlukahlukene ilawulwa kahle uhlelo, igwema amaphutha nokungaqiniseki okubangelwa ukusebenza okwenziwa ngesandla. Kusukela ekulinganisweni okunembile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuya ekulawuleni okuzinzile kwezinga lokushisa elincibilikayo nezinga lokugeleza kokusakazwa, kanye nokulungiswa okunengqondo kwesivinini sokupholisa, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yengothi ngayinye yegolide nesiliva ivumelana kakhulu. Ukunemba kobukhulu, ukucaba kwendawo, kanye nekhwalithi yangaphakathi yomkhiqizo kungaqinisekiswa ngempumelelo, kwehlise izinga lokungasebenzi kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

(3) Yehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza

Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zokutshalwa kwezimali zomshini wokukhipha ingot ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, zinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa ukuthembela enanini elikhulu lomsebenzi wezandla futhi kwehlisa izindleko zabasebenzi; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile kunciphisa ukuchithwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo enesici, kuqhubeke kwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokunakekelwa kwemishini ye-automation ziphansi kakhulu, futhi impilo yayo yesevisi yinde, ngakho-ke inokusebenza kahle kwezindleko uma icatshangwa ngokugcwele.

5. Isiphetho

Ukubona ukusakaza okuzenzakalelayo kwegolide nesiliva kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya ezenzweni zesimanje nokusebenza kahle embonini yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukuklama kwesikhunta okunembayo okuphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, kanye nokutholwa okukhaliphile nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha ikhwalithi, kuhlanganiswe nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yokukhipha ingot ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele, ukulinganiselwa kwezindlela zokuphonsa zendabuko kunganqotshwa ngokuphumelelayo, okuholela ekugxumeni ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha ingot yegolide nesiliva obuzenzakalelayo obuzenzakalelayo buzoqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa futhi buthuthukiswe, bufake umfutho oqinile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu futhi kukhuthaze imboni ukuthi iye ezingeni eliphezulu.