Embonini yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ithinta ngqo ukuncintisana kwemakethe kanye nodumo lomkhiqizo

Embonini yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ithinta ngqo ukuncintisana kwemakethe kanye nesithunzi somkhiqizo wamabhizinisi. Umshini wokuphonsa wensimbi oyigugu oqhubekayo, njengemishini yokukhiqiza eyinhloko, uguqula izinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi zibe yimikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngochungechunge lokugeleza kwenqubo enembile neyinkimbinkimbi. Okulandelayo, sizocubungula inqubo yayo ethile yokuqaliswa.

1.Izimiso eziyisisekelo zomshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo wezinsimbi eziyigugu

Umnyombo wokusakazwa okuqhubekayo uwukufeza ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo kwensimbi kusuka emimoyeni ehlukahlukene yezinto ezingavuthiwe iye kuketshezi futhi ekugcineni iye ekubumbeni okuqinile. Ngemva kokuba insimbi eyigugu encibilikisiwe ijovwe ku-crystallizer eklanywe ngokukhethekile, i-crystallizer isusa ngokushesha ukushisa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo enhle yokushisa, ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwegobolondo eliqinile odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-crystallizer, okuwungqimba lokuqala lokuqiniswa kwe-billet ye-cast. Njengoba insimbi encibilikisiwe iqhubeka nokujovwa, isendlalelo sokuqinisa siyajiya ngokuqhubekayo, futhi idivayisi yokudonsa idonsa i-billet iphume komunye umkhawulo we-crystallizer ngesivinini esizinzile, ngaleyo ndlela izuze ukusakaza okuqhubekayo.

Ukuthatha umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo we-Hasung njengesibonelo, phakathi nenqubo yokuphonswa okuqhubekayo, iplatinamu encibilikisiwe ijovwa ku-crystallizer, futhi uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi okupholisa ngaphakathi kwe-crystallizer lupholisa ngokushesha uketshezi lweplatinamu, lwakha ungqimba oluqinile. Ama-casting eplatinum akhishwa ngamathuluzi okudonsa bese acutshungulwa abe yimikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yeplatinamu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko zokuphonsa, ukubunjwa okuqhubekayo, okunezici zakho zokupholisa ngokushesha, kungenza izinsimbi eziyigugu zicwebezele ngokuminyene futhi zibe nesakhiwo esifanayo, kuthuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesikhuphukeli sesistimu yokuthulula, yenza inqubo ibe lula, futhi kulula ukufeza ukukhiqizwa kwemishini nokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nesivuno sensimbi.

2.Inqubo ewumongo kusukela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ukuya emikhiqizweni yekhwalithi ephezulu

(1) Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokusetshenziswa

Izinga lempahla eluhlaza isisekelo esinquma izinga lemikhiqizo. Ezinsimbi eziyigugu, isidingo sokuhlanzeka siphezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukukhiqiza imigoqo yegolide emsulwa, ubumsulwa bezinto ezingavuthiwe zegolide zidinga ukufinyelela ku-99.99% noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kobumsulwa, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwefomu lomzimba, izinhlobo zokungcola, nokuqukethwe kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nakho kuyadingeka. Ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinokungcola, ubumsulwa budinga ukuthuthukiswa ngezindlela zokucwenga. Ukucwenga kwe-Electrolytic kuyindlela evamile. Ukuthatha ukucwengwa kwesiliva kwe-electrolytic njengesibonelo, isiliva elimahhadla lisetshenziswa njenge-anode nesiliva elihlanzekile lisetshenziswa njenge-cathode, ebekwe ku-electrolyte yesiliva ye-nitrate. Ngaphansi kwesenzo senkundla kagesi, isiliva elimahhadla liyancibilika, futhi ama-ion esiliva akhipha isiliva elihlanzekile ku-cathode, asuse ngempumelelo ukungcola.

(2) Ukulawula okunembile kwenqubo yokuncibilika

Ukulawulwa okunembile kwamapharamitha afana nezinga lokushisa, isikhathi, nomkhathi kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Imishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo yezinsimbi eziyigugu ivamise ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisisa ongeniswayo, obusebenzisa izindawo ezishintshayo kazibuthe ukuze kukhiqizwe imisinga ensimbi ukuze kufudumale. Inezinzuzo zokushisisa ngokushesha, ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, futhi akukho kungcola. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvimbela izinsimbi eziyigugu ukuthi zingangeni nge-oxidizing emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, imishini ngokuvamile ifakwe i-vacuum noma i-protective gas systems. Lapho uncibilikisa igolide, qala ukhiphe igumbi elincibilikayo, bese uligcwalisa ngegesi ye-argon ukuze uvikeleke, uhlukanise umoya-mpilo, uqinisekise ukuhlanzeka kokuncibilika kwegolide, futhi ubeke isisekelo sokubunjwa okulandelayo.

(3) Inqubo yokulingisa enembile

1. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-crystallizer:   Njengengxenye eyinhloko ekubunjweni, i-material, umumo, kanye nosayizi we-crystallizer kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokulingisa. Udonga lwangaphakathi lwenziwe ngezinto ze-alloy zethusi ezine-conductivity enhle kakhulu yokushisa, engasheshisa isivinini sokuqiniswa koketshezi lwensimbi. Umumo wayo unquma umumo wokusakaza, futhi ukunemba kobukhulu kuthinta ukunemba kokucaciswa komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezithuthukisiwe zethula ubuchwepheshe obunyakazayo be-electromagnetic ku-crystallizer, ekhiqiza ukunyakaza okunyakazayo ensimbi encibilikisiwe ngokusebenzisa inkambu kazibuthe eshintshanayo, ikhuthaze ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezingxenye, inciphise ukuhlukaniswa, futhi ithuthukise ukwakheka kokuqina.

2. Ukulawulwa okuhlanganisiwe kokudonsa nokupholisa: Isivinini sokudonsa sidinga ukufaniswa ngokunembile nesivinini sokuthulula sensimbi encibilikisiwe. Uma ishesha kakhulu, ingabangela kalula ukuthi i-billet iqhume, kanti uma ihamba kancane, izothinta ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza futhi yandise ubunzima bokudweba. Inqubo yokupholisa ibaluleke ngokufanayo, njengoba izinsimbi eziyigugu ezihlukene kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo zihambisana nezindlela zokupholisa ezihlukene. Lapho uphonsa izikhala zobucwebe be-palladium, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yokupholisa amanzi nokupholisa umoya. Okungenalutho kuqala kuqiniswa ukupholisa kwamanzi ngokushesha, bese zipholiswa kancane ngokupholisa umoya ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwensalela yangaphakathi nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo.

(4) Izinqubo ezinhle zangemuva kokucubungula

1. Ukusika nokubumba ukucutshungulwa: Ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo okukhiqizwayo kudinga ukunqunywa ngokuhambisana nokucaciswa komkhiqizo, kanye nemishini yokusika ephezulu yokunemba kanye nemishini yokusika i-laser iqinisekisa ubukhulu bokusika obunembile kanye nezimbobo ezibushelelezi. Ngemikhiqizo enezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengemihlobiso yensimbi eyigugu engajwayelekile, idinga futhi ukwelashwa kokubunjwa, njengokucutshungulwa kwemishini noma ukucindezelwa kwesikhunta, ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuklama.

2.Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka nokusebenza komkhiqizo, ukwelapha okungaphezulu kuyadingeka. Ubucwebe bensimbi obuyigugu buvame ukupholishwa futhi buphuculwe ukuze kuzuzwe indawo ebushelelezi futhi ecwebezelayo; Izingxenye zensimbi eziyigugu ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi zithola ukwelashwa kwe-electroplating ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguga kanye nokuguquguquka, ngongqimba lwenye ifilimu elincanyana lensimbi elimbozwe ngaphezulu.

3.Izici ezibalulekile namasu okuphendula okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo

(1) Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe

Sungula ukuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nesistimu yokuhlola ukuze ulawule ikhwalithi evela emthonjeni. Sebenzisana nabahlinzeki bekhwalithi ephezulu ukwenza amasampula ajwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuhlola ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo nezinye izinkomba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sungula indlela yokulandelela ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinkinga zingalandelelwa futhi zixazululwe ngesikhathi.

(2) Ukugcinwa kwezisetshenziswa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukunemba

Ukunemba nokuzinza kwemishini kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukunakekelwa okugcwele okujwayelekile nokugcinwa kwemishini esakazwayo eqhubekayo, ukulinganiswa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile, nokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezigugile. Yethula amasistimu okuqapha athuthukile okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuqashwe isimo sokusebenza kwemishini kanye nemingcele yokusakaza ngesikhathi sangempela, njengezinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, isivinini sokudonsa, njll. Uma kwenzeka okungavamile, ama-alamu afika ngesikhathi azocushwa futhi kuzolungiswa okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwezisetshenziswa ezinzile.

(3) Ukuthuthukisa kanye Nokuqanjwa Okusha Kwemingcele Yenqubo

Izinsimbi eziyigugu ezahlukene kanye nemikhiqizo kudinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene inqubo nemingcele. Amabhizinisi kufanele asungule isizindalwazi sepharamitha yenqubo esekelwe enanini elikhulu ledatha yokuhlola nokukhiqiza. Ngokuhlaziya idatha kanye nokulingisa, qhubeka nokwandisa amapharamitha enqubo futhi uhlole izinqubo ezintsha nobuchwepheshe. Ngokucwaninga izakhiwo ezintsha zekristali kanye nokuthuthukisa amasistimu okupholisa, sihlose ukuqhubeka sithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

4.Isiphetho

Ukuguqulwa kwemishini yokuphonsa yensimbi eyigugu eqhubekayo isuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zensimbi iye emikhiqizweni yekhwalithi ephezulu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenzisana kwezixhumanisi eziningi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuningi. Ukulawulwa okunembile kwazo zonke izixhumanisi nokuphathwa ngempumelelo kwezinto ezibalulekile kuwukhiye wokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo bokuphonswa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu buzoqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha, bulethe imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu embonini futhi bukhuthaze imboni yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu ifinyelele ukuphakama okusha.

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