Menene narkewar shigar da injin?

Vacuum narkewa dabara ce ta narke ƙarfe da gawa da ake yi a cikin yanayi mara kyau.

Wannan fasaha na iya hana karafa da ba kasafai ake samun gurbacewar yanayi da kayan da ba su da tushe, kuma tana da aikin tsarkakewa da tsarkakewa. Ta hanyar narkewar injin, za a iya samun karafa masu inganci da gami da ƙarancin iskar gas, ƴan haɗaka, da ƙananan rarrabuwa. Wannan hanya tana da mahimmanci don samun tsafta da kayan ƙarfe masu inganci, musamman dacewa ga gami ko karafa waɗanda ke da wahalar narkewa kuma suna buƙatar tsafta mai ƙarfi. Hanyoyin narkewar injin sun haɗa da narkar da katako na lantarki, narkewar induction narke, narkewar murhun wuta, da narkewar tanderun plasma. Misali, narkakken katako na lantarki yana amfani da katako mai ƙarfi na lantarki don jefa bama-bamai na narkakkar kayan, da sauri mai da su zuwa makamashin zafi da narka su. Wannan hanya ta dace da narke babban wahala da ultra-high tsarki alloys ko karafa.

Bugu da kari, injin narkewa shima yana taimakawa wajen inganta tauri, karfin gajiya, juriya na lalata, aikin zafi mai zafi, da karfin maganadisu na kayan karfe.

Narkewar tanderu induction tsari ne na amfani da induction na lantarki don samar da igiyoyin ruwa a cikin masu gudanar da ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara amfani don dumama kayan tanderun. Yana da halaye na ƙaramin ƙarar ɗakin narkewa, ɗan gajeren lokacin yin famfo da sake zagayowar narkewa, zazzabi mai dacewa da sarrafa matsa lamba, sake yin amfani da abubuwa maras tabbas, da ingantaccen sarrafa abubuwan gami. Saboda halayen da ke sama, yanzu ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don samar da kayan aiki na musamman irin su karfe na musamman, daidaitattun kayan aiki, kayan dumama wutar lantarki, kayan zafi mai zafi, da kuma kayan da ba su da lalata.

1. Menene vacuum?

A cikin rufaffiyar kwantena, saboda raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin iskar gas, matsin lamba da ƙwayoyin iskar gas ke yi akan yanki ɗaya yana raguwa. A wannan lokacin, matsa lamba a cikin akwati i ƙasa da matsi na al'ada. Wannan nau'in sarari na iskar gas wanda yake ƙasa da matsi na al'ada ana kiransa vacuum.

2. Menene ka'idar aiki na tanderun shigar da sarari?

Babbar hanyar ita ce amfani da induction na lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki a cikin cajin karfe da kansa, sannan a dogara da juriya na cajin karfe da kansa don canza wutar lantarki zuwa makamashin zafi kamar yadda dokar Joule Lenz ta tanada, wanda ake amfani da shi don narkewar karafa.

3. Ta yaya ake yin motsin lantarki na lantarki a cikin tanderun shigar da babu ruwa?

Karfe da aka narkar da shi a cikin crucible yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki a cikin filin maganadisu da ke haifar da coil induction. Sakamakon tasirin fata, igiyoyin ruwa da aka narkar da su da karfen da aka narkar da su sun saba wa alkiblar halin yanzu da ke wucewa ta cikin coil induction, yana haifar da tarwatsewar juna; Ƙarfin da ke da ƙarfi a kan narkakkar karfen ko da yaushe yana nuni ne zuwa ga kusurwoyin ƙullun, kuma narkakkar ƙarfen kuma ana tura shi zuwa tsakiyar ƙullun; Saboda gaskiyar cewa induction coil wani ɗan gajeren coil ne tare da gajeriyar tasiri a ƙarshen biyu, ƙarfin lantarki daidai da ƙarshen na'urar induction ya ragu, kuma rarraba ƙarfin lantarki yana da ƙarami a saman sama da ƙananan ƙarshen kuma ya fi girma a tsakiya. A karkashin wannan karfi, ruwan karfe ya fara motsawa daga tsakiya zuwa ga kusurwoyi na crucible, sa'an nan kuma yana gudana sama da ƙasa zuwa tsakiya. Wannan al'amari yana ci gaba da yawo, yana haifar da matsananciyar motsi na ruwan karfe. A lokacin da ake yin narke na ainihi, za a iya kawar da abin da ke faruwa na ruwa na karfe yana bullowa zuwa sama da jujjuyawa sama da ƙasa a tsakiyar crucible, wanda ake kira electromagnetic stirring.

4. Menene aikin motsa jiki na lantarki?

① Zai iya haɓaka ƙimar halayen jiki da sinadarai yayin aikin narkewa; ② Haɗa abun da ke cikin narkakkar ruwan ƙarfe; ③ Yanayin zafi na narkakkar karfe a cikin crucible yana nuna daidaito, yana haifar da cikar abin da aka yi yayin narkewa; ④ Sakamakon motsawa yana shawo kan tasirin kansa a tsaye, yana jujjuya narkar da kumfa mai zurfi a cikin crucible zuwa saman ruwa, sauƙaƙe fitar da iskar gas da rage abun ciki na haɗakar gas na gami da haɓaka mai ƙarfi yana haɓaka lalacewar injin narkakken ƙarfe akan crucible, yana shafar rayuwar sa; ⑥ Hanzarta bazuwar abubuwan da ke hana ruwa gudu a cikin crucibles a yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da sake gurɓatar da narkakken gami.

5. Menene digiri na vacuum?

Digiri na Vacuum yana wakiltar bakin ciki na iskar gas da ke ƙasa da matsa lamba ɗaya, wanda akafi bayyana azaman matsa lamba.

6. Menene yawan yabo?

Adadin yatsa yana nufin adadin karuwar matsa lamba kowane lokaci naúrar bayan an rufe kayan injin.

7. Menene tasirin fata?

Tasirin fata yana nufin abin da ke faruwa na rashin daidaituwa na halin yanzu akan sashin giciye na madugu (yana nufin cajin wutar lantarki a cikin narkewa) lokacin da canjin halin yanzu ke wucewa ta ciki. Mafi girman girman halin yanzu na mai gudanarwa, ƙananan ƙarancin halin yanzu zuwa tsakiyar.

8. Menene shigar da wutar lantarki?

Alternating current yana wucewa ta waya kuma yana haifar da wani madaidaicin filin maganadisu a kusa da shi, yayin da sanya rufaffiyar waya a cikin filin maganadisu da ke canzawa yana haifar da alternating current a cikin wayar. Wannan al'amari shi ake kira electromagnetic induction.

10. Menene fa'idodin narkewar tanderu induction?

① Babu gurɓataccen iska da slag, ƙura mai narkewa yana da tsabta kuma yana da babban matakin aiki;

② Ƙarƙashin ƙurar ƙura yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau, yana haifar da ƙarancin gas a cikin narkar da ƙarfe da gami;

③ A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, karafa ba su da iskar oxygen da sauƙi;

④ Abubuwan da ba su da tsabta (Pb, Bi, da dai sauransu) da aka kawo ta hanyar kayan aiki na iya yin watsi da su a cikin yanayin rashin tsabta, wanda ya haifar da tsaftacewa;

⑤ A lokacin injin shigar da wutar lantarki, ana iya amfani da iskar carbon deoxidation, kuma samfurin deoxygenation shine gas, yana haifar da tsaftataccen gami;

⑥ Zai iya daidaita daidai da sarrafa abubuwan sinadaran;

⑦ Ana iya amfani da kayan da aka dawo dasu.

11. Menene illolin narkewar tanderu induction?

① Kayan aiki yana da rikitarwa, tsada, kuma yana buƙatar babban zuba jari;

② Kulawar da ba ta dace ba, tsadar narkewa, da tsada mai tsada;

③ Rashin gurɓataccen ƙarfe da ke haifar da abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi a cikin crucibles yayin aikin narkewa;

④ Samfurin samarwa yana da ƙananan, kuma aikin dubawa yana da girma.

12. Menene ainihin ma'anoni na asali da ma'anoni na injin famfo?

① Matsakaicin digiri: Matsakaicin ƙimar matsi mai ƙarfi (watau mafi girman kwanciyar hankali) wanda za'a iya samu bayan dogon lokaci na fanko yayin da aka kulle mashigan injin famfo ana kiransa matsakaicin matakin injin famfo.

② Yawan fitarwa: Yawan iskar gas da famfo ke hakowa a kowane lokaci naúrar ana kiransa fam ɗin famfo.

③ Matsakaicin matsa lamba: Matsakaicin ƙimar da ake fitarwa gas daga tashar shaye-shaye na injin famfo yayin aiki na yau da kullun.

④ Pre matsa lamba: Matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar da ake buƙatar kiyayewa a tashar shaye-shaye na injin famfo don tabbatar da aiki mai aminci.

13. Yadda za a zabi tsarin famfo mai ma'ana?

① Matsakaicin famfo na injin famfo ya dace da wani matsa lamba na mashigai na injin famfo;

② Injin inji, Tushen famfo, da famfunan ƙara mai mai ba za su iya ƙarewa kai tsaye zuwa sararin samaniya ba kuma dole ne su dogara da famfon matakin gaba don kafawa da kula da matsa lamba na farko da aka tsara don yin aiki akai-akai.

14. Me yasa ake buƙatar ƙara capacitors zuwa na'urorin lantarki?

Saboda nisa mai girma tsakanin coil induction da kayan tanderun ƙarfe, ɗigon maganadisu yana da muni sosai, saurin maganadisu mai amfani yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma ƙarfin amsawa yana da girma. Saboda haka, a cikin capacitive da'irori, halin yanzu yana jagorantar wutar lantarki. Don ɓata tasirin inductance da haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki, dole ne a haɗa adadin kwantenan lantarki da suka dace a cikin da'irar, ta yadda capacitor da inductor za su iya yin magana a layi daya, ta haka ne ke haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki na induction coil.

15. Sashe nawa ne manyan kayan aikin tanderun shigar da buɗaɗɗiya?

Narke ɗakin, ɗakin zubewa, tsarin iska, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.

16. Menene matakan kulawa don tsarin vacuum yayin aikin narkewa?

① Matsayin mai da man fetur na famfo famfo na al'ada;

② Ana juyawa allon tacewa akai-akai;

③ Rufe kowane bawul ɗin keɓewa al'ada ce.

17. Menene matakan kulawa don tsarin samar da wutar lantarki yayin aikin narkewa?

① Ruwan sanyaya zafin jiki na capacitor al'ada ne;

② Zazzabi mai zafi na mai canzawa shine al'ada;

③ Zazzabi mai sanyaya ruwa na kebul na al'ada ne.

18. Menene buƙatun don crucibles a cikin injin induction tanderun narkewa?

① Yana da babban kwanciyar hankali na thermal don guje wa fashe lalacewa ta hanyar saurin sanyaya da dumama;

② Yana da babban kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai don hana gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ta hanyar abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi;

③ Samun isasshen ƙarfin juriya na wuta da ƙarfin tsarin zafin jiki don jure yanayin zafi da tasirin kayan wuta;

④ Gilashin ya kamata ya kasance yana da girma mai yawa da kuma aikin aiki mai santsi don rage girman yanayin hulɗar tsakanin kullun da ruwa na karfe, kuma don rage girman mannewa na ragowar ƙarfe a kan farfajiyar crucible.

⑤ Yana da manyan abubuwan rufewa;

⑥ Ƙananan ƙarar ƙararrawa yayin aiwatar da sintiri;

⑦ Yana da ƙananan rashin ƙarfi da kuma juriya mai kyau ga hydration;

⑧ Kayan da aka yi amfani da shi yana da ƙananan adadin iskar gas.

⑨ The crucible yana da albarkatu masu yawa na kayan aiki da ƙarancin farashi.

19. Yadda za a inganta yanayin zafi mai zafi na crucibles?

① Rage abun ciki na CaO da rabon CaO/SiO2 a cikin yashi MgO don rage yawan adadin ruwa da kuma ƙara yawan zafin jiki wanda ake samar da lokacin ruwa.

② Inganta kwanciyar hankali na hatsin kristal.

③ Don cimma kyakkyawar recrystallization jihar a cikin sintered Layer, don rage porosity, rage hatsi iyaka nisa, da kuma samar da wani mosaic tsarin, forming kai tsaye hade da m da m bulan, game da shi rage cutarwa effects na ruwa lokaci.

20. Yadda za a zabi girman girman geometric da ya dace na crucible?

① Ƙaƙƙarfan bango na kullun shine gaba ɗaya 1/8 zuwa 1/10 na diamita na ƙwanƙwasa (kafa);

② Ruwan ƙarfe yana lissafin kashi 75% na ƙarar ƙura;

③ The kwana na R yana kusa da 45 °;

④ The kauri daga cikin tanderun kasa ne kullum 1.5 sau na tanderun bango.

21. Menene mannen da aka saba amfani dashi don dunƙule ƙulle-ƙulle?

① Organic kwayoyin halitta: dextrin, ɓangaren litattafan almara sharar gida ruwa, Organic guduro, da dai sauransu;

② Inorganic abubuwa: sodium silicate, brine, boric acid, carbonate, yumbu, da dai sauransu.

22. Menene aikin manne (H3BO3) don ƙulli crucibles?

Boric acid (H3BO3) na iya cire duk danshi ta hanyar dumama ƙasa da 300 ℃ a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, kuma ana kiransa boronic anhydride (B2O3).

① A low yanayin zafi, wasu MgO da Al2O3 iya narke cikin ruwa B2O3 don samar da jerin mika mulki kayayyakin, accelerating da m lokaci yadawa na MgO · Al2O3 da kuma inganta recrystallization, haifar da sintering Layer na crucible zuwa samar a ƙananan yanayin zafi, game da shi rage sintering zafin jiki.

② Ta hanyar dogara ga narkewa da haɗin kai na boric acid a matsakaicin zafin jiki, za a iya ƙara girman Layer na sintered ko ƙarfin crucible kafin a iya ƙara haɓakar sintirin na biyu.

③ A cikin yashi magnesia mai dauke da CaO, amfani da masu ɗaurewa na iya murkushe canjin kristal na 2CaO · SiO2 ƙasa da 850 ℃.

23. Menene hanyoyi daban-daban na gyare-gyare na crucibles?

Hanyoyi biyu.

① Prefabrication a waje da tanderun; Bayan hadawa da albarkatun kasa (lantarki fused magnesium ko aluminum magnesium spinel refractory kayan) tare da wani barbashi size rabo da kuma zabar dace adhesives, an kafa su a cikin crucible mold ta hanyar vibration da isostatic matsa lamba matakai. An bushe jikin da ba a iya daskarewa kuma ana sarrafa shi a cikin injin da aka riga aka kera a cikin ramin ramin zafin jiki mai zafi tare da matsakaicin zafin wuta na ≥ 1700 ℃ × 8 hours.

② Kai tsaye ana buga cikin tanderun; Ƙara adadin da ya dace na manne mai ƙarfi, kamar acid boric, zuwa madaidaicin girman ɓangarorin da ya dace, gauraya daidai gwargwado, kuma yi amfani da tamping don cimma cika mai yawa. A lokacin sintering, microstructures daban-daban suna samuwa ta hanyar yanayin zafi na kowane bangare.

24. Nawa yadudduka nawa ne aka kafa tsarin sinadarai na crucible, kuma menene tasiri akan ingancin crucible?

An kasu tsarin sinadari na crucible zuwa matakai uku: Layer Layer, Semi-sintering Layer, da sako-sako.

Sintering Layer: A lokacin tanda tsari, da barbashi size jurewa recrystallization. Sai dai matsakaicin ƙwayar yashi mai matsakaici a ƙarshen ƙarancin zafin jiki, ba za a iya ganin ƙimar asali ba kwata-kwata, kuma an gabatar da tsari mai kyau da tsari. Iyakokin hatsi suna da kunkuntar sosai, kuma ana sake rarraba ƙazanta a kan sabon iyakokin hatsi. Lambun da aka yi da shi wani harsashi ne mai wuyar gaske wanda yake a ƙarshen ɓangaren bangon crucible, wanda ke tuntuɓar karfen da ya narke kai tsaye kuma yana ɗaukar ƙarfi daban-daban, don haka wannan Layer yana da matukar mahimmanci ga crucible.

Sako-sako da Layer: Lokacin sintering, zafin jiki kusa da rufin rufi yana da ƙasa, kuma yashi magnesium ba za a iya haɗa shi ba ko haɗa shi da lokacin gilashin, ya rage a cikin yanayin sako-sako. Wannan Layer yana samuwa a mafi girman ɓangaren crucible kuma yana aiki da dalilai masu zuwa: na farko, saboda tsarinsa maras kyau da rashin daidaituwa na thermal conductivity, zafi da aka canjawa wuri daga bangon ciki na crucible zuwa waje yana raguwa, rage yawan zafi, samar da sutura, da inganta yanayin zafi a cikin crucible; Abu na biyu kuma, saƙon da ba a so shi ma Layer na kariya ne. Domin Layer ɗin da aka yi da shi ya kafa harsashi kuma ya zo cikin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da ƙarfe na ruwa, yana da wuyar tsagewa. Da zarar ya tsattsage, narkakkar ruwan da aka yi za ta fito daga cikin tsagewar, yayin da lallausan da ba ya iya fashewa saboda tsautsayi. Ruwan ƙarfe da ke fitowa daga rufin ciki yana toshe shi, yana ba da kariya ga zoben ji; Abu na uku, saƙon Layer har yanzu yana da buffer. Saboda gaskiyar cewa sintered Layer ya zama harsashi mai wuyar gaske, gabaɗayan haɓaka ƙarar girma da raguwa yana faruwa lokacin zafi da sanyaya. Saboda tsari maras kyau na Layer maras kyau, yana taka rawar buffering a cikin canjin ƙarar crucible.

Semi sintered Layer (wanda kuma aka sani da canjin canji): wanda yake tsakanin madaidaicin Layer da sako-sako, ya kasu kashi biyu. Kusa da sintered Layer, ƙazanta suna narkewa kuma suna sake rarrabawa ko haɗi tare da barbashi yashi na magnesium. Magnesium yashi yana jurewa juzu'i recrystallization, kuma manyan yashi barbashi bayyana musamman m; Sassan da ke kusa da madaidaicin Layer an haɗa su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar m. Matsakaicin madaidaicin sintered yana aiki azaman nau'in sintepon biyu da saƙon sako-sako.

25. Yadda za a zabi tsarin tsarin tanda?

① Matsakaicin zafin jiki na tanda: Lokacin da kauri mai kauri na kullin ƙulli shine 5-10mm, don magnesia da aka haɗa da wutar lantarki, Layer ɗin da aka yi da shi kawai yana lissafin 13-15% na kauri mai kauri lokacin gasa a 1800 ℃. Lokacin da aka gasa a cikin tanda 2000 ℃, yana lissafin 24-27%. Yin la'akari da ƙarfin zafin jiki na crucible, yana da kyau a sami zafin jiki mafi girma, amma ba shi da sauƙi don yin girma. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya fi 2000 ℃, yana samar da nau'in saƙar zuma kamar tsarin sabili da sublimation na magnesium oxide ko raguwar magnesium oxide ta carbon, da kuma matsanancin recrystallization na magnesium oxide. Don haka, ya kamata a sarrafa matsakaicin zafin tanda a ƙasa da 2000 ℃.

② Yawan dumama: A farkon mataki na dumama, don kawar da danshi mai kyau daga kayan da aka lalata, ya kamata a aiwatar da isasshen preheating. Gabaɗaya, ƙimar dumama yakamata ya zama jinkirin ƙasa 1500 ℃; Lokacin da zafin wutar tanderu ya kai sama da 1500 ℃, yashin magnesia da aka haɗa da lantarki ya fara raguwa. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a yi amfani da babban iko don yin zafi da sauri zuwa iyakar zafin tanda da ake tsammani.

③ Lokacin rufewa: Bayan zafin tanderu ya kai ga mafi girman zafin tanda, ana buƙatar yin rufi a wannan zafin. Lokacin rufewa ya bambanta dangane da nau'in tanderun da kayan aiki, kamar mintuna 15-20 don ƙananan lantarki narke magnesium crucibles da mintuna 30-40 don manyan da matsakaitan wutar lantarki narke magnesium crucibles.

Saboda haka, yawan zafin jiki a lokacin tanda da yin burodi a mafi yawan zafin jiki ya kamata a daidaita daidai