Chii chinonzi kunyungudutsa kwe vacuum induction?

Vacuum kunyunguduka isimbi uye alloy kunyunguduka nzira inoitwa munzvimbo yevacuum.

Iyi tekinoroji inogona kudzivirira simbi isingawanzo kusvibiswa nemhepo uye zvinhu zvinoramba, uye ine basa rekuchenesa nekucheneswa. Nekunyungudika kwevacuum, simbi dzemhando yepamusoro uye alloys ane gasi yakaderera, mashoma inclusions, uye kupatsanurwa kudiki kunogona kuwanikwa. Iyi nzira yakakosha pakuwana yakakwirira-kuchena uye yemhando yepamusoro zvinhu zvesimbi, kunyanya yakakodzera alloys kana simbi inonetsa kunyungudika uye inoda kuchena kwepamusoro-soro. Nzira dzekunyungudika kwevacuum dzinosanganisira kunyunguduka kwe electron beam, vacuum induction melting, vacuum arc furnace kunyunguduka, uye kunyunguduka kwechoto cheplasma. Semuyenzaniso, kunyunguduka kweelectron beam kunoshandisa matanda emagetsi ane simba guru kubhomba zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa, nekukasika kuzvishandura kuita simba rekupisa nekuzvinyungudusa. Iyi nzira yakakodzera kunyungudutsa kuoma kwakanyanya uye ultra-high kuchena alloys kana simbi.

Uye zvakare, vacuum kunyungudika kunobatsirawo kuvandudza kuoma, kuneta simba, corrosion resistance, high-temperature creep performance, uye magineti permeability yezvinhu zvesimbi.

Vacuum induction furnace kunyunguduka inzira yekushandisa electromagnetic induction kugadzira eddy currents mumasimbi conductor pasi pevacuum mamiriro ekupisa muchoto. Iyo ine maitiro eiyo diki yekunyungudutsa kamuri vhoriyamu, pfupi vacuum yekupomba nguva uye kunyunguduka kutenderera, iri nyore tembiricha uye kudzora kudzvinyirira, kudzokororwa kwezvinhu zvinoputika, uye kutonga kwakaringana kwekuumbwa kwealloy. Nekuda kwehunhu huri pamusoro apa, ikozvino yave midziyo yakakosha yekugadzira alloys akakosha senge simbi yakakosha, alloys chaiyo, magetsi ekudziya alloys, alloys akakwira-tembiricha, uye alloys asingaiti ngura.

1. Chii chinonzi vacuum?

Mumudziyo wakavharwa, nekuda kwekuderera kwehuwandu hwemamorekuru egasi, kumanikidzwa kunoitwa nemamorekuru egasi pane imwe nzvimbo inoderera. Panguva ino, kudzvanywa mukati memudziyo ndinodzika kupfuura kudzvanywa kwakajairika. Iyi mhando yenzvimbo ine gasi iyo yakadzikira pane yakajairika pressure inonzi vacuum.

2. Ndeipi nheyo yekushanda yevacuum induction furnace?

Nzira huru ndeyekushandisa electromagnetic induction kuti igadzire ikozvino muchaji yesimbi pachayo, uye wobva wavimba nekupokana kwesimbi yekuchaja pachayo kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rinopisa zvinoenderana nemutemo weJoule Lenz, unoshandiswa kunyungudutsa simbi.

3. Kukurudzira kwemagetsi kunogadzirwa sei muvira rekupinza vacuum?

Iyo simbi yakanyungudutswa mucrucible inogadzira simba remagetsi mune remagineti inogadzirwa neiyo induction coil. Nekuda kwekuita kweganda, eddy mafungu anogadzirwa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa akatarisana negwara remazuva ano richipfuura nepakati induction coil, zvichiita kuti mutual repulsion; Simba rinosemesa pasimbi yakanyungudutswa nguva dzose inonongedza kuaxis yepanorovera, uye simbi yakanyungudutswa inosundirwawo yakananga pakati peinorovera; Nekuda kwekuti iyo induction coil ipfupi coil ine mapfupi mhedzisiro pamigumo yese, iyo inoenderana simba remagetsi pamigumo yese yeiyo induction coil inoderera, uye kugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi kudiki kumusoro uye kuzasi migumo uye yakakura pakati. Pasi pesimba iri, mvura yesimbi inotanga kufamba ichibva nepakati ichienda kuaxis ye crucible, yobva yayerera ichikwira nekudzika yakananga pakati. Ichi chiitiko chinoramba chichitenderera, zvichiita kufamba kunotyisa kwemvura yesimbi. Munguva yekunyungudutswa chaiko, chiitiko chesimbi yemvura inokwidibira ichikwira ichikwira ichikwira ichidzika nepakati pakati pecrucible inogona kubviswa, inodaidzwa kuti electromagnetic inomutsa.

4. Chii chinonzi electromagnetic kubvongodza?

① Inogona kusimudzira chiyero chekuita kwemuviri nemakemikari panguva yekunyungudutsa; ② Batanidza kuumbwa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa yemvura; ③ Kupisa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa mucrucible kunowanzoita kuenderana, zvichikonzera kupedzwa kwakakwana kwekuita panguva yekunyunguduka; ④ Mhedzisiro yekukurudzira inokunda mhedzisiro yeyayo static kumanikidza, kupenengura mabhubhu akanyungudika mukati memurove pamvura, kufambisa kubuda kwegasi uye kuderedza gasi kusanganisirwa zviri mukati meiyo alloy Kukurudzira kwakanyanya kunowedzera kukukurwa kwesimbi yesimbi yakanyungudutswa pane crucible, inokanganisa hupenyu hwayo; ⑥ Kurumidza kuparara kwezvinhu zvinoramba zviri mumacrucibles pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa zvakare kwealloy yakanyungudutswa.

5. Chii chinonzi vacuum degree?

Vacuum degree inomiririra kuonda kwegasi pazasi pemhepo imwe chete yemhepo, inowanzoratidzwa sekumanikidza.

6. Chii chinonzi leakage rate?

Leakage rate inoreva kuwanda kwekumanikidza kuwedzera pane imwe unit nguva mushure mekunge vacuum yavharwa.

7. Chii chinonzi ganda mhedzisiro?

Iyo ganda mhedzisiro inoreva chiitiko chekusaenzana kwazvino kugovera pamuchinjikwa-chikamu chemutyairi (zvichireva kuchaji chechoto mukunyungudika) kana kuchinjanisa ikozvino kuchipfuura nekwairi. Iyo yakakwirira yepamusoro ikozvino density ye conductor, iyo yakaderera density yazvino yakananga pakati.

8. Chii chinonzi electromagnetic induction?

Alternating current inopfuura nepawaya uye inogadzira inochinjanisa magineti yakaitenderedza, uku ichiisa waya yakavharwa munzvimbo inochinja yemagineti inoburitsa ikozvino alternating mukati mewaya. Ichi chiitiko chinonzi electromagnetic induction.

10. Ndezvipi zvakanakira vacuum induction furnace kunyungudutsa?

① Hapana kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye slag, iyo yakanyungudutswa alloy yakachena uye ine mwero wepamusoro wekuita;

② Vacuum smelting inogadzira yakanaka degassing mamiriro, zvichikonzera kuderera kwegasi musimbi yakanyungudutswa uye alloy;

③ Mumamiriro ezvinhu evacuum, simbi hadzisi nyore oxidized;

④ Tsvina (Pb, Bi, etc.) inounzwa nemidziyo inogona kubuda mumhepo isina chinhu, zvichikonzera kucheneswa kwezvinhu;

⑤ Munguva yevacuum induction furnace smelting, kabhoni deoxidation inogona kushandiswa, uye deoxygenation chigadzirwa igasi, zvichikonzera kuchena kwepamusoro alloy;

⑥ Inogona kunyatsogadzirisa uye kudzora chimiro chemakemikari;

⑦ Zvinhu zvakadzorerwa zvinogona kushandiswa.

11. Ndezvipi zvipingamupinyi zvevacuum induction furnace smelting?

① Midziyo yakaoma, inodhura, uye inoda mari yakawanda;

② Kusagadzirisa kugadzirisa, kudhura kwakanyanya kwekunyungudutsa, uye kudhura kwakanyanya;

③ Kusvibiswa kwesimbi kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvinoramba zviri mumacrucibles panguva yekunyungudutsa;

④ Batch yekugadzira idiki, uye basa rekuongorora rakakura.

12. Ndezvipi zvinonyanya kukosha parameters uye zvinoreva vacuum pombi?

① Yakanyanyisa vacuum dhigirii: Iyo shoma yakagadzikana yakatsiga dhigirii (kureva iyo yakanyanya kugadzika vacuum dhigirii) inogona kuwanikwa mushure menguva yakareba yekubvisa kana iyo inopinza yepombi yekuvhaira yakavharwa inonzi iyo yakanyanya vacuum degree yepombi.

② Chiyero chekubuda: Huwandu hwegasi rinobviswa nepombi panguva yeyuniti inonzi chiyero chekupomba chepombi yevacuum.

③ Yakanyanya kumanikidza kubuda: Iyo yakanyanya kumanikidza kukosha uko gasi rinoburitswa kubva pachiteshi chekuburitsa chepombi yekutsvaira panguva yekushanda kwakajairika.

④ Pre kudzvinyirirwa: Iyo yakanyanya kudzvanywa kukosha inoda kuchengetedzwa pachiteshi chekuburitsa chepombi yevacuum kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka.

13. Ungasarudza sei inonzwisisika vacuum pombi system?

① Kupomba kwepombi yevacuum kunoenderana nekumwe kupinza kwekumanikidza kwepombi yevacuum;

② Mechanical pombi, Midzi pombi, uye oiri booster pombi haigone kupera zvakananga kumhepo uye inofanirwa kuvimba neyekumberi pombi yekumisa nekuchengetedza yakatemerwa pre pressure kuti ishande zvakajairika.

14. Sei ma capacitor achida kuwedzerwa kumagetsi emagetsi?

Nekuda kwechinhambwe chihombe pakati peiyo induction coil uye simbi yevira, kuvuza kwemagineti kwakakomba, inobatsira magineti flux yakadzikira, uye simba rekuita rakakwira. Saka, mu capacitive circuits, ikozvino inotungamirira voltage. Kugadzirisa pesvedzero ye inductance uye kunatsiridza simba chinhu, zvinodikanwa kuisa nhamba yakakodzera yemidziyo yemagetsi mudunhu, kuitira kuti capacitor uye inductor iite resonate yakafanana, nekudaro ichivandudza simba reiyo induction coil.

15. Ndezvipi zvikamu zvemichina huru yevacuum induction furnace?

Melting chamber, kamuri yekudira, vacuum system, magetsi ekupa system.

16. Ndeapi matanho ekugadzirisa kwevacuum system panguva yekunyungudika?

① Hunhu hwemafuta uye mwero wemafuta wepombi yevacuum zvakajairika;

② Iyo yekusefa skrini inodzoserwa kumashure kazhinji;

③ Kuiswa chisimbiso kwevharuvhu yega yega yekuzviparadzanisa kwakajairika.

17. Ndeapi matanho ekuchengetedza emagetsi emagetsi panguva yekunyungudika?

① Kutonhora kwemvura inotonhorera ye capacitor yakajairika;

② Iyo tembiricha yemafuta ekushandura yakajairika;

③ Kudziya kwemvura inotonhorera kwetambo kwakajairika.

18. Ndezvipi zvinodikanwa kune crucibles muvacuum induction furnace kunyunguduka?

① Iine yakanyanya kugadzikana yekupisa kudzivirira kutsemuka kunokonzerwa nekukurumidza kutonhora nekudziya;

② Iine yakanyanya kugadzikana kwemakemikari kudzivirira kusvibiswa kweiyo crucible nezvinhu zvinoramba;

③ Kuve neyakakwana yakakwirira-yekudzivirira moto uye yakakwirira-tembiricha dhizaini simba rekutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira uye zvinokanganisa zvechoto;

④ The crucible inofanira kuva nehupamhi hwepamusoro uye yakatsetseka yekushanda kuti ideredze nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pe crucible uye yesimbi yemvura, uye kuderedza dhigirii yekunamatira kwesimbi yakasara pamusoro peiyo crucible.

⑤ Iine yakakwirira yekudzivirira zvinhu;

⑥ Diki vhoriyamu shrinkage panguva sintering maitiro;

⑦ Iine kuderera kwepasi uye kupikisa kwakanaka kune hydration;

⑧ Iyo crucible zvinhu ine shoma shoma yekuburitsa gasi.

⑨ Iyo crucible ine zvakawanda zviwanikwa zvemidziyo uye yakaderera mitengo.

19. Nzira yekuvandudza sei-yepamusoro-yekupisa kushanda kwema crucibles?

① Deredza zvirimo muCaO uye chiyero cheCaO/SiO2 muMgO jecha kudzikisa huwandu hwechikamu chemvura uye kuwedzera tembiricha panogadzirwa chikamu chemvura.

② Kuvandudza kugadzikana kwezviyo zvekristaro.

③ Kuwana yakanaka recrystallization mamiriro mune sintered layer, kudzikisira porosity, kuderedza muganho wezviyo, uye kugadzira chimiro che mosaic, ichigadzira musanganiswa wakananga wezvikamu zvakasimba uye zvakasimba, nekudaro kuderedza zvinokuvadza zvechikamu chemvura.

20. Nzira yekusarudza sei yakakodzera geometric size yecrucible?

① Ukobvu hwemadziro ecrucible kazhinji 1/8 kusvika 1/10 yedhayamita yecrucible (yakaumbwa);

② Simbi yemvura inoverengera 75% yevhoriyamu yecrucible;

③ Iyo kona yeR inotenderera 45 °;

④ Ukobvu hwepasi pechoto hunowanzo 1.5 nguva yemadziro evira.

21. Ndezvipi zvinonamira zvinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira macrucibles?

① Organic nyaya: dextrin, pulp tsvina mvura, organic resin, nezvimwe;

② Inorganic zvinhu: sodium silicate, brine, boric acid, carbonate, ivhu, nezvimwe.

22. Ndeipi basa rekunamatira (H3BO3) ye knotting crucibles?

Boric acid (H3BO3) inogona kubvisa hunyoro hwose nekupisa pasi pe300 ℃ mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, uye inonzi boronic anhydride (B2O3).

① Pakutonhora kwakadzika, imwe MgO neAl2O3 inogona kunyungudika kuita mvura B2O3 kuita nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zvekuchinja, ichimhanyisa kusimba kwechikamu cheMgO · Al2O3 uye kukurudzira kudzoreredza, zvichiita kuti sintering layer yecrucible iumbe pakudzika kwakadzika, nekudaro ichidzikisa tembiricha yekupisa.

② Nekuvimba nekunyunguduka uye kusungirirwa kwe boric acid pane tembiricha yepakati, iyo semi sintered layer inogona kukora kana kusimba kweiyo crucible isati yawedzera sintering.

③ Mujecha remagnesia rine CaO, kushandiswa kwemabhainda kunogona kudzvinyirira shanduko yekristaro ye2CaO · SiO2 pazasi 850 ℃.

23. Ndedzipi nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuumba dzezvipiyaniso?

Nzira mbiri.

① Prefabrication kunze kwechoto; Mushure mekusanganisa izvo mbishi (yemagetsi fused magnesium kana aluminium magnesium spinel refractory zvinhu) neimwe particle size size reshiyo uye nekusarudza akakodzera anonamira, iwo anoumbwa mucrucible mold kuburikidza ne vibration uye isostatic pressure process. Muviri wecrucible wakaomeswa uye unogadziriswa kuita crucible yakagadziridzwa mune yakakwirira-tembiricha mugero tembiricha ine yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha ye ≥ 1700 ℃ × 8 maawa.

② Kurova zvakananga mukati mechoto; Wedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwekunamira kwakasimba, senge boric acid, kune yakakodzera particle size reshiyo, sanganisa zvakaenzana, uye shandisa tamping kuti uwane kuzadza kwakasimba. Munguva yekupisa, ma microstructures akasiyana anoumbwa nekusiyana kwekushisa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe.

24. Ngapi omu natu vhura kurugana sirugana sokuzuvhisa, ntani ngapi omu natu vhura kurugana?

Iyo sintering chimiro che crucible yakakamurwa kuita matatu akaturikidzana: sintering layer, semi sintering layer, uye loose layer.

Sintering layer: Munguva yeovheni maitiro, saizi yechikamu inopinda recrystallization. Kunze kweiyo yepakati jecha particle size pazasi tembiricha kupera, chikamu chepakutanga hachionekwe zvachose, uye yunifomu uye yakanaka chimiro inoratidzwa. Miganhu yezviyo yakamanikana zvikuru, uye tsvina inogoverwazve pamiganhu yezviyo zvitsva. Iyo sintered layer igoko rakaoma riri mukati memukati memudhuri wecrucible, iyo inobata zvakananga simbi yakanyunguduka uye inotakura masimba akasiyana-siyana, saka iyi layer yakakosha kune crucible.

Loose layer: Panguva yekupisa, tembiricha iri padhuze nesayeri yekudzivirira yakadzikira, uye jecha remagnesium harigone kunyudzwa kana kusungwa nechikamu chegirazi, richisara rakasununguka zvachose. Iyi nhanho inowanikwa kune yekunze kweiyo crucible uye inoshandisa zvinotevera zvinangwa: kutanga, nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasununguka uye yakashata yekupisa conductivity, kupisa kunotamirwa kubva mukati memadziro emukati we crucible kune kunze kunoderedzwa, kuderedza kupisa kwekupisa, kupa kuvhara, uye kuvandudza kushanda kwekushisa mukati me crucible; Chechipiri, iyo yakasununguka layer zvakare inodzivirira. Nekuti iyo sintered layer yakagadzira goko uye inosangana yakanangana neiyo simbi yemvura, inongoita kuputika. Kana ichinge yatsemuka, simbi yakanyungudutswa inobuda kubva pakatsemuka, ukuwo yakasununguka layer isinganyanye kutsemuka nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasununguka. Iyo simbi yemvura inoyerera kubva mukati memukati yakavharwa nayo, ichipa kudzivirirwa kwemhete yekunzwa; Chechitatu, iyo yakasununguka layer ichiri buffer. Nekuda kwekuti iyo sintered layer yave goko rakaoma, vhoriyamu yekuwedzera uye kukanda kunoitika kana yapiswa uye yatonhodzwa. Nekuda kweiyo yakasununguka chimiro cheyakasununguka layer, inoita basa rebhafa mukushandurwa kwevhoriyamu yecrucible.

Semi sintered layer (inozivikanwawo seshanduko layer): iri pakati peiyo sintered layer uye loose layer, yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Pedyo neiyo sintered layer, tsvina inonyunguduka uye kugovaniswa kana kusungirirwa ne magnesium jecha zvimedu. Magnesium jecha rinopinda muchidimbu recrystallization, uye zvidimbu zvejecha zvakakura zvinoratidzika zvakanyanya; Zvikamu zviri pedyo nejira rakasununguka zvakanyatsobatanidzwa pamwe chete nekunamatira. Iyo semi sintered layer inoshanda sese sintered layer uye yakasununguka layer.

25. Ungasarudza sei oven process system?

① Yakakura tembiricha yeovheni: Kana iyo insulation layer yecrucible crucible iri 5-10mm, yemagetsi fused magnesia, iyo sintered layer inongoverengera 13-15% yehukuru hwecrucible kana yakabikwa pa1800 ℃. Kana yakabikwa mu2000 ℃ oveni, inoverengera 24-27%. Tichifunga nezvesimba repamusoro-tembiricha reiyo crucible, zviri nani kuve nepamusoro tembiricha yevheni, asi hazvisi nyore kuwana zvakanyanya. Kana tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura 2000 ℃, inoumba muzinga senge chimiro nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwe magnesium oxide kana kudzikiswa kwe magnesium oxide nekabhoni, pamwe nekunyanya kudzoreredzwa kwe magnesium oxide. Naizvozvo, tembiricha yepamusoro yevheni inofanira kudzorwa pasi pe2000 ℃.

② Kupisa mwero: Muchikamu chekutanga chekudziya, kuitira kuti unyatso bvisa unyoro kubva pazvinhu zvinoramba, preheating yakakwana inofanira kuitwa. Kazhinji, mwero wekudziya unofanirwa kunonoka pazasi pe1500 ℃; Kana tembiricha yechoto ichisvika pamusoro pe1500 ℃, jecha remagetsi rakasanganiswa magnesia rinotanga kunyura. Panguva ino, simba repamusoro rinofanira kushandiswa kukurumidza kupisa kusvika kune inotarisirwa kupisa kwevheni.

③ Insulation nguva: Mushure mekunge tembiricha yechoto yasvika kune yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha, insulation inofanirwa kuitwa patembiricha iyoyo. Nguva yekudzivirira inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechoto uye zvinhu, senge 15-20 maminetsi emagetsi madiki anonyungudutsa magesium crucibles uye 30-40 maminetsi emagetsi makuru uye epakati anonyungudutsa magnesium crucibles.

Nokudaro, chiyero chekupisa panguva yevheni uye kubheka pakupisa kwepamusoro-soro kunofanira kugadziriswa maererano