Gịnị bụ vacuum induction agbaze?

Ịgbaze Vacuum bụ usoro mgbaze ọla na alloy nke a na-eme na gburugburu oghere.

Nkà na ụzụ a nwere ike igbochi ọla ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe site na ikuku na ihe ndị na-emegharị emegharị, ma nwee ọrụ nke ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha. Site na ịgbaze oghere, enwere ike nweta ọla ndị dị elu na alloys nwere obere gas, ntinye ole na ole, na obere nkewa. Usoro a dị oke mkpa maka ịnweta ihe ndị dị elu na-adị ọcha na nke dị elu, karịsịa maka alloys ma ọ bụ ọla ndị siri ike ịgbaze ma na-achọ ịdị ọcha dị elu. Ụzọ ndị na-agbaze agụụ na-agụnye mgbaze eletrọn, mgbaze ikuku induction, mgbaze ọkụ arc, na agbaze ọkụ plasma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbaze ọkụ eletrik na-eji ọkụ eletrik dị elu na-atụba ihe ndị a wụrụ awụ, na-agbanwe ha ngwa ngwa ka ha ghọọ ume ọkụ ma gbazee ha. Usoro a dabara adaba maka agbaze nnukwu ihe isi ike na alloys dị ọcha dị oke elu ma ọ bụ ọla.

Na mgbakwunye, ịgbaze oghere na-enyekwa aka melite ike, ike ike ọgwụgwụ, nguzogide corrosion, arụmọrụ dị elu nke okpomọkụ, na ike ndọta nke ihe igwe.

Ịgbaze ọkụ induction Vacuum bụ usoro nke iji induction electromagnetic na-ebute mmiri ọkụ n'ime ndị na-eduzi ígwè n'okpuru ọnọdụ oghere iji kpoo ihe ọkụ ọkụ. Ọ nwere njiri mara nke obere ọnụ ụlọ na-agbaze, obere oge ịgbapụta oghere na okirikiri agbaze, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị mma na njikwa nrụgide, nrụpụta nke ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, yana njikwa ziri ezi nke ngwakọta alloy. N'ihi njirimara ndị a dị n'elu, ọ na-emepụta ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa maka ịmepụta ihe ndị pụrụ iche dị ka ígwè pụrụ iche, ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị mma, ọkụ ọkụ eletrik, ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na ihe ndị na-eguzogide corrosion.

1. Gịnị bụ agụụ?

N'ime akpa mechiri emechi, n'ihi mbelata nke ikuku gas, nrụgide nke ụmụ irighiri gas na-eme na mpaghara otu na-ebelata. N'oge a, nrụgide dị n'ime akpa ahụ dị ala karịa nrụgide nkịtị. Ụdị oghere gas a nke dị ala karịa nrụgide nkịtị ka a na-akpọ oghere.

2. Gịnị bụ ụkpụrụ arụ ọrụ nke ọkụ induction oghere?

Ụzọ bụ isi bụ itinye ntinye electromagnetic iji mepụta ugbu a na ụgwọ ígwè n'onwe ya, wee dabere na nguzogide nke ụgwọ ígwè n'onwe ya iji gbanwee ike eletrik n'ime ike ọkụ dị ka iwu Joule Lenz, nke a na-eji maka agbaze ọla.

3. Kedu otu esi emepụta mkpali electromagnetic n'ime ọkụ induction agụụ?

Igwe a wụrụ awụ nke dị na crucible na-emepụta ike eletrik n'ime oghere magnetik nke eriri induction mepụtara. N'ihi mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ, mmiri mmiri na-agbapụta site na ígwè a wụrụ awụ na-adaba na ntụziaka nke ugbu a na-agafe na eriri induction, na-ebute njakịrị ibe; Ike nke na-asọ oyi na igwe a wụrụ awụ na-atụ aka mgbe niile n'akụkụ axis nke crucible, na ọla a wụrụ awụ a na-akwagidekwa n'etiti etiti ihe ahụ; N'ihi n'eziokwu na eriri induction bụ eriri dị mkpirikpi nke nwere mmetụta dị mkpirikpi na njedebe abụọ ahụ, ike eletrik kwekọrọ na njedebe abụọ nke eriri induction na-ebelata, na nkesa nke ike eletrik dị ntakịrị na elu na njedebe dị elu ma buru ibu n'etiti. N'okpuru ike a, mmiri mmiri igwe na-ebu ụzọ si n'etiti gaa na axis nke crucible, wee na-asọga elu na ala ruo etiti. Ihe omume a na-aga n'ihu na-ekesa, na-eme mmegharị dị egwu nke mmiri igwe. N'oge a na-agbaze n'ezie, a ga-ewepụ ihe ngosi nke mmiri igwe na-agbago elu ma na-atụgharị elu na ala n'etiti ebe mgbaze, nke a na-akpọ mkpali electromagnetic.

4. Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke electromagnetic edemede?

① Ọ nwere ike mee ngwa ngwa nke mmeghachi omume anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal n'oge usoro mgbaze; ② Jikọọ ihe mejupụtara nke mmiri igwe a wụrụ awụ; ③ Okpomọkụ nke ọla a wụrụ awụ na crucible na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-eme ka mmezu nke mmeghachi omume zuru oke n'oge agbaze; ④ N'ihi na-akpali akpali imeri mmetụta nke ya static mgbali, flipping na etisasịwo egosipụta miri na crucible n'elu mmiri mmiri n'elu, ikwado gas ihapu na mbenata gas nsonye ọdịnaya nke alloy siri ike ịkpali enhances n'ibu ozize nke a wụrụ awụ metal na crucible, na-emetụta ndụ ya; ⑥ Mee ngwa ngwa nbibi nke ihe mgbagha na crucibles na oke okpomọkụ, na-ebute mmetọ ọzọ nke alloy gbazere.

5. Kedu ihe bụ ogo mmụta agụụ?

Ngosipụta Vacuum na-anọchi anya ịdị mkpa nke gas dị n'okpuru otu nrụgide ikuku, nke a na-egosipụtakarị dị ka nrụgide.

6. Kedu ihe bụ ọnụego ntapu?

Ọnụego ntapu na-ezo aka n'ogo nrịbawanye nrụgide n'otu nkeji ka emechiri ngwa ikuku.

7. Gịnị bụ mmetụta akpụkpọ?

The akpụkpọ mmetụta na-ezo aka onu nke uneven ugbu nkesa na cross-ngalaba nke onye nduzi (na-ezo aka n'ọkụ ụgwọ na agbaze) mgbe alternating ugbu a na-agafe na ya. N'ịdị elu elu nke ugbu a njupụta nke onye nduzi, na-ebelata njupụta dị ugbu a n'etiti.

8. Gịnị bụ electromagnetic induction?

Alternating current na-esi na waya na-ebute ebe ndọta dị iche iche gburugburu ya, ebe ịtinye waya mechiri emechi na ebe ndọta na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ebute mgbanwe dị ugbu a n'ime waya ahụ. A na-akpọ ihe omume a induction electromagnetic.

10. Kedu uru dị na ọkụ induction ọkụ agbaze?

① Enweghị mmetọ ikuku na slag, alloy gbazere dị ọcha ma nwee nnukwu arụmọrụ;

② Ịgbaze oghere na-emepụta ọnọdụ ikuku dị mma, na-eme ka ọdịnaya gas dị ala na ígwè gbazere na alloy;

③ N'okpuru ọnọdụ agụụ, ọla anaghị adị mfe oxidized;

④ Ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha (Pb, Bi, wdg) na-ebute site na akụrụngwa nwere ike ịpụ na ọnọdụ oghere, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha;

⑤ N'oge oghere induction ọkụ na-agbaze, enwere ike iji carbon deoxidation, na ngwaahịa deoxygenation bụ gas, na-ebute ịdị ọcha dị elu;

⑥ Nwere ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi ịgbanwe na ịchịkwa chemical mejupụtara;

⑦ Enwere ike iji ihe weghachiri eweghachi.

11. Gịnị bụ ndọghachi azụ nke agụụ induction ọkụ agbaze?

① Ngwá ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya, dị oke ọnụ, ma chọọ nnukwu ego;

② Nlekọta na-adịghị mma, ọnụ ahịa mgbaze dị elu, yana ọnụ ahịa dị oke ọnụ;

③ Metal mmetọ nke ihe refractory na crucibles kpatara n'oge usoro mgbaze;

④ Ogbe mmepụta dị ntakịrị, na ọrụ nyocha dị ukwuu.

12. Gịnị bụ isi nkiti parameters na pụtara agụụ nfuli?

① Oke oke agụụ: Uru nrụgide siri ike nke kacha nta (ya bụ ogo kacha elu kwụsiri ike) nke enwere ike nweta mgbe ogologo oge na-ekpochapụ ihe mgbe etinyere nbanye nke mgbapụta agụụ ka a na-akpọ ogo kacha elu nke mgbapụta.

② Ọnụego mwepụ: A na-akpọ olu gas nke mgbapụta na-ewepụta kwa oge nkeji oge mgbapụta nke mgbapụta mgbapụta.

③ Nrụgide kachasị elu: Uru nrụgide kachasị elu nke a na-ewepụ gas n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mgbapụta agụụ n'oge arụ ọrụ nkịtị.

④ Nrụgide mbụ: Uru nrụgide kachasị dị mkpa ka a na-edobe n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mgbapụta mgbapụta iji hụ na ọrụ dị mma.

13. Kedu ka esi ahọrọ usoro mgbapụta agụụ nwere ezi uche?

① Ọnụ ego mgbapụta nke mgbapụta mgbapụta kwekọrọ na ụfọdụ nrụgide ntinye nke mgbapụta mgbapụta;

② Igwe nfuli igwe, nfuli mgbọrọgwụ, na nfuli mmanụ na-ebuli elu enweghị ike ịpụ apụ ozugbo na ikuku ma ga-adabere na mgbapụta n'ihu iji guzobe ma nọgide na-enwe nrụgide tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.

14. Gịnị mere e ji dị mkpa ka a gbakwunye capacitors na sekit eletriki?

N'ihi nnukwu anya dị n'etiti eriri induction na ihe igwe ọkụ igwe, ndọta ndọta dị oke njọ, mgbawa magnetik bara uru dị obere, yana ike mmeghari dị elu. Ya mere, na sekit capacitive, nke ugbu a na-eduga voltaji. Iji mebie mmetụta nke inductance na imeziwanye ihe ike, ọ dị mkpa itinye ọnụ ọgụgụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke arịa eletrik na sekit, nke mere na capacitor na inductor nwere ike ịmegharị n'otu aka ahụ, si otú a na-eme ka ihe ike nke eriri induction pụta.

15. Akụkụ ole bụ akụrụngwa bụ isi nke ọkụ induction agụụ?

Ụlọ na-agbaze, ụlọ ịwụsa, usoro agụụ, usoro inye ọkụ.

16. Kedu ihe bụ usoro mmezi maka usoro agụụ n'oge usoro mgbaze?

① Ogo mmanụ na ọkwa mmanụ nke mgbapụta mgbapụta bụ ihe nkịtị;

② A na-atụgharị ihuenyo nzacha nke ọma;

③ Akara valvụ ọ bụla dịpụrụ adịpụ bụ ihe nkịtị.

17. Kedu ihe bụ usoro mmezi maka usoro ọkụ ọkụ n'oge usoro mgbaze?

① Mmiri mmiri jụrụ oyi nke capacitor bụ ihe nkịtị;

② The transformer mmanụ okpomọkụ bụ nkịtị;

③ Okpomọkụ mmiri jụrụ oyi nke eriri ahụ bụ ihe nkịtị.

18. Gịnị bụ ihe ndị a chọrọ maka crucibles na agụụ induction ọkụ agbaze?

① Nwere nkwụsi ike dị elu iji zere mgbawa nke ngwa ngwa jụrụ oyi na kpo oku;

② Nwere nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ dị elu iji gbochie mmetọ nke crucible site na ihe mgbagha;

③ Inwe oke ọkụ ọkụ zuru oke na ike nhazi dị elu iji guzogide oke okpomọkụ na mmetụta ihe ọkụ ọkụ;

④ The crucible kwesịrị inwe njupụta dị elu na ebe dị mma na-arụ ọrụ iji belata ebe dị n'elu kọntaktị dị n'etiti ihe mkpuchi na mmiri ígwè, na iji belata ogo nke adhesion nke metal residues na n'elu nke crucible.

⑤ Nwere ihe mkpuchi dị elu;

⑥ Obere olu shrinkage n'oge sintering usoro;

⑦ Nwere obere volatility na ezigbo iguzogide hydration;

⑧ The crucible ihe nwere obere ntọhapụ gas.

⑨ The crucible nwere ọtụtụ akụrụngwa nke ihe yana ọnụ ala dị ala.

19. Kedu ka esi eme ka arụmọrụ dị elu dị elu nke crucibles?

① Belata ọdịnaya nke CaO na oke nke CaO/SiO2 na ájá MgO iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri mmiri ma mee ka okpomọkụ dị na nke a na-emepụta mmiri mmiri.

② Melite nkwụsi ike nke ọka kristal.

③ Iji nweta ọnọdụ recrystallization dị mma na oyi akwa sintered, iji belata porosity, belata obosara obosara nke ọka, ma mepụta usoro mosaic, na-eme njikọ kpọmkwem nke usoro siri ike na nke siri ike, si otú ahụ belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke usoro mmiri mmiri.

20. Kedu ka esi ahọrọ nha geometric kwesịrị ekwesị nke crucible?

① Mgbidi mgbidi nke crucible bụ n'ozuzu 1/8 ka 1/10 nke dayameta nke crucible (akpụpụtara);

② Mmiri mmiri dị nchara na-akpata 75% nke olu crucible;

③ The akụkụ nke R bụ gburugburu 45 Celsius;

④ Ọkpụrụkpụ nke ala ọkụ ọkụ bụ n'ozuzu 1.5 ugboro nke mgbidi ọkụ.

21. Gịnị bụ ihe nrapado a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịkụ ọkpọ?

① Organic okwu: dextrin, pulp mkpofu mmiri mmiri, organic resin, wdg;

② Inorganic bekee: sodium silicate, brine, boric acid, carbonate, ụrọ, wdg.

22. Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke nrapado (H3BO3) maka knotting crucibles?

Boric acid (H3BO3) nwere ike wepu mmiri niile site na ikpo ọkụ n'okpuru 300 ℃ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, a na-akpọkwa boronic anhydride (B2O3).

① Na obere okpomọkụ, ụfọdụ MgO na Al2O3 nwere ike igbari n'ime mmiri mmiri B2O3 na-etolite a usoro nke mgbanwe ngwaahịa, accelerating siri ike na-adọ mgbasa nke MgO · Al2O3 na-akwalite recrystallization, na-eme ka sintering oyi akwa nke crucible na-etolite na ala okpomọkụ, si otú ibelata sintering okpomọkụ.

② Site na ịdabere na mmetụta mgbaze na njikọ njikọ nke boric acid na ọkara okpomọkụ, enwere ike ịgbanye oyi akwa nke ọkara ma ọ bụ ike nke crucible tupu enwee ike ịbawanye ụba nke abụọ.

③ N'ime aja magnesia nwere CaO, iji ihe nkedo nwere ike igbochi mgbanwe kristal nke 2CaO · SiO2 n'okpuru 850 ℃.

23. Kedu ụzọ dị iche iche akpụzi maka crucibles?

Ụzọ abụọ.

① Prefabrication n'èzí ọkụ; Mgbe agwakọta akụrụngwa (eletrik fused magnesium ma ọ bụ aluminum magnesium spinel refractory ihe) na a ụfọdụ urughuru size ruru na-ahọpụta kwesịrị ekwesị adhesives, ha na-guzobere na crucible ebu site vibration na isostatic mgbali Filiks. A na-akpọnwụ ahụ a na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-edozi ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ime ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere ọkụ ọkụ kacha ≥ 1700 ℃ × 8 awa.

② na-akụ ozugbo n'ime ọkụ; Tinye ego kwesịrị ekwesị nke nrapado siri ike, dị ka boric acid, na nha nha nha nha nha kwesịrị ekwesị, gwakọta ya nke ọma, ma jiri tamping nweta njupụta dị oke. N'oge sintering, a na-emepụta microstructures dị iche iche site na okpomọkụ dị iche iche nke akụkụ ọ bụla.

24. Ugboro ole ka a na-eme ka usoro ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-arụ ọrụ, oleekwa mmetụta ọ na-enwe n'ịdị mma nke crucible?

A na-ekewa usoro ihe nkedo nke crucible n'ụdị atọ: oyi akwa nke na-eme ka ọ dị nro, nke na-eme ka ọ dị obere, na oyi akwa na-adịghị mma.

Sintering oyi akwa: N'oge oven usoro, urughuru size undergoes recrystallization. Ewezuga nha nha nha aja aja na njedebe dị ala, enweghị ike ịhụ oke mbụ ma ọlị, a na-egosipụtakwa otu edo na ọmarịcha ihe. Oke ọka dị warara nke ukwuu, a na-ekesakwa ihe adịghị ọcha na oke ọka ọhụrụ. Ihe mkpuchi nke sintered bụ shei siri ike nke dị n'ime ime mgbidi mgbidi ahụ, nke na-akpọtụrụ metal gbazere ozugbo ma na-ebu agha dị iche iche, ya mere oyi akwa a dị ezigbo mkpa maka crucible.

oyi akwa: N'oge sintering, okpomọkụ dị n'akụkụ mkpuchi mkpuchi dị ala, na ájá magnesium enweghị ike ijikọ ma ọ bụ jikọta ya site na iko iko, na-anọgide na-adịkwaghị mma. Nke a oyi akwa dị n'akụkụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke crucible ma na-eje ozi ndị na-esonụ nzube: mbụ, n'ihi na ya rụrụ arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma thermal conductivity, okpomọkụ na-ebufe si n'ime mgbidi nke crucible na n'èzí na-ebelata okpomọkụ ọnwụ, na-enye mkpuchi, na-emeziwanye thermal arụmọrụ n'ime crucible; Nke abuo, oyi akwa na-adighi nma bukwa ihe nchebe. N'ihi na oyi akwa a kpụrụ akpụ etolitela shei wee bata na igwe mmiri mmiri ahụ kpọmkwem, ọ na-adịkarị mfe ịgbawa. Ozugbo ọ gbawara, igwe mmiri a wụrụ awụ ga-esi na mgbawa ahụ pụta, ebe oyi akwa ahụ adịghị adịkarị mfe ịgbawa n'ihi nhazi ya na-adịghị mma. A na-egbochi mmiri mmiri igwe na-esi na oyi akwa dị n'ime ya, na-enye nchebe maka mgbanaka mmetụta; Nke atọ, akwa oyi akwa ka bụ ihe nchekwa. N'ihi n'eziokwu na oyi akwa a na-agbanye aghọọla ihe siri ike, mgbasawanye nke olu na nkwekọrịta na-eme mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ma dị jụụ. N'ihi usoro na-adịghị mma nke oyi akwa na-adịghị mma, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nkwụsịtụ na mgbanwe olu nke crucible.

Semi sintered oyi akwa (nke a makwaara dị ka oyi akwa mgbanwe): nke dị n'etiti oyi akwa sintered na oyi akwa rụrụ arụ, kewara ụzọ abụọ. N'akụkụ oyi akwa ahụ agbazere, adịghị ọcha na-agbaze ma kesaa ma ọ bụ jikọta ya na ụmụ irighiri ájá magnesium. Aja Magnesium na-enwetaghachi akụkụ akụkụ, na nnukwu akụkụ ájá na-apụta nke ukwuu; A na-ejikọta akụkụ ndị dị nso na oyi akwa rụrụ arụ kpamkpam site na nrapado. Igwe oyi akwa nke ọkara sintered na-eje ozi dị ka ma akwa akwa akwa na akwa akwa.

25. Kedu ka esi ahọrọ usoro usoro oven?

① Okpomọkụ oven kachasị elu: Mgbe mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi nke mkpuchi mkpuchi bụ 5-10mm, maka eletriki fused magnesia, oyi akwa sintered na-aza naanị 13-15% nke ọkpụrụkpụ crucible mgbe esi ya na 1800 ℃. Mgbe a na-eme ya na oven 2000 ℃, ọ bụ 24-27%. N'ịtụle ike okpomọkụ dị elu nke crucible, ọ ka mma inwe okpomọkụ oven dị elu, ma ọ dịghị mfe ịdị elu. Mgbe okpomọkụ dị elu karịa 2000 ℃, ọ na-etolite a mmanụ aṅụ dị ka nhazi n'ihi sublimation nke magnesium oxide ma ọ bụ Mbelata nke magnesium oxide site carbon, nakwa dị ka ufiop recrystallization nke magnesium oxide. Ya mere, a ga-achịkwa okpomọkụ kachasị elu n'okpuru 2000 ℃.

② Igwe ọkụ ọkụ: N'oge mmalite nke ikpo ọkụ, iji wepụ mmiri mmiri n'ụzọ dị irè na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, a ga-emerịrị preheating zuru oke. N'ozuzu, okpomọkụ okpomọkụ kwesịrị ịdị nwayọọ n'okpuru 1500 ℃; Mgbe ọkụ ọkụ ahụ ruru n'elu 1500 ℃, ájá magnesia na-ejikọta ọkụ eletrik na-amalite ịmị. N'oge a, ekwesịrị iji ike dị elu mee ihe ngwa ngwa na-ekpo ọkụ ruo ihe ọkụ ọkụ a na-atụ anya ya.

③ Oge mkpuchi: Mgbe ọkụ ọkụ ahụ ruru ogo oven kachasị elu, ọ dị mkpa ka e mee ihe mkpuchi na okpomọkụ ahụ. Oge mkpuchi ahụ dịgasị iche dabere na ụdị ọkụ na ihe onwunwe, dị ka 15-20 nkeji maka obere ọkụ eletrik na-agbaze magnesium crucibles na 30-40 nkeji maka nnukwu na ọkara eletrik na-agbaze magnesium crucibles.

Ya mere, a ga-edozi ọkụ ọkụ n'oge oven na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ kachasị elu kwesịrị imezi ya